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Jeffersonville Limestone
The Devonian Jeffersonville Limestone is a mapped bedrock unit in Indiana and Kentucky. It is highly fossiliferous. The Vernon Fork Member contains Volcanic ash associated with the Tioga Bentonites. Description The Jeffersonville is a coarse grained, dark gray, thick bedded, fossiliferous limestone.Butts, Charles, 1915, Geology and mineral resources of Jefferson County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey [Report], 4th series, v. 3, pt. 2, 270 p. R. D. Perkins (1963) divided the Jeffersonville into five zones based on petrology and fossil content,Ronald D. Perkins, 1963, Petrology of the Jeffersonville Limestone (Middle Devonian) of Southeastern Indiana: Geological Society of America Bulletin (1963), 74(11):1335-135abstract/ref> and these are summarized below (in stratigraphic order): * ''Paraspirifer acuminatus'' zone (top) * fenestrate bryozoan-brachiopod zone * ''Brevispirifer gregarius'' zone * ''Amphipora''-zone * Coral zone (base, overlies Geneva Dolomite or Louisville Lime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rugosa
The Rugosa or rugose corals are an extinct Class (biology), class of solitary and Colony (biology), colonial corals that were abundant in Middle Ordovician to Late Permian seas. Solitary rugosans (e.g., ''Caninia (genus), Caninia'', ''Lophophyllidium'', ''Neozaphrentis'', ''Streptelasma'') are often referred to as ''horn corals'' because of a unique horn-shaped chamber with a wrinkled, or wiktionary:rugose, rugose, wall. Some solitary rugosans reached nearly a meter (3 ft 3 in) in length. However, some species of rugose corals could form large colonies (e.g., ''Lithostrotion''). When radiating septa were present, they were usually in multiples of four, hence ''Tetracorallia'' in contrast to modern ''Hexacorallia'', colonial polyps generally with sixfold symmetry. Rugose corals have a skeleton made of calcite that is often fossilized. Like modern corals (Scleractinia), rugose corals were invariably benthic, living on the sea floor or in a reef-framework. Some symbiotic rugose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Society Of America Bulletin
The ''Geological Society of America Bulletin'' (until 1960 called ''The Bulletin of the Geological Society of America'' and also commonly referred to as ''GSA Bulletin'') is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that has been published by the Geological Society of America since 1890. Its first editor was William John McGee.Eckel, Edwin, 1982, GSA Memoir 155, The Geological Society of America — Life History of a Learned Society, p. 79., . According to the ''Journal Citation Reports ''Journal Citation Reports'' (''JCR'') is an annual publication by Clarivate. It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection. It provides information about academic journals in the natur ...'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.212. See also * List of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences References External links * Geological Society of America English-language journals Geology journals Bimonthly journals [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proetus (trilobite)
''Proetus'' is a genus of proetid trilobite found in Silurian-aged marine strata of EuropeStorey, Andrew James. Late Silurian trilobite palaeobiology and biodiversity. Diss. University of Birmingham, 2012/ref> and Devonian-aged strata of Gondwana. Etymology The generic name commemorates Proetus (), a mythical king of Argos and Tiryns, son of King Abas of Argo. Taxonomy ''Proetus'' is the type genus of the order Proetida, and of the family Proetidae. The genus became a wastebasket taxon that held numerous species of similar looking trilobites from the Ordovician to Carboniferous periods. Most of these species have been split off into other genera at various times. Species The following list is incomplete: * The type species ''P. concinnus'' is found in Wenlock-aged marine strata of Sweden, Great Britain, Estonia, and Germany *''P. latifrons'' is found in Llandovery Llandovery (; ) is a market town and community (Wales), community in Carmarthenshire, Wales. It lies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilobite
Trilobites (; meaning "three-lobed entities") are extinction, extinct marine arthropods that form the class (biology), class Trilobita. One of the earliest groups of arthropods to appear in the fossil record, trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270million years, with over 22,000 species having been described. Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily fossilized mineralised exoskeleton made of calcite, they left an extensive fossil record. The study of their fossils has facilitated important contributions to biostratigraphy, paleontology, evolution, evolutionary biology, and plate tectonics. Trilobites are placed within the clade Artiopoda, which includes many organisms that are morphologically similar to trilobites, but are largely unmineralised. The relationship of Artiopoda to other arthropods is uncertain. Trilobites evolved into many ecological niches; some moved over the seabed as predators, scavengers, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bivalvia
Bivalvia () or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class (biology), class of aquatic animal, aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed by a calcified exoskeleton consisting of a hinged pair of half-bivalve shell, shells known as valve (mollusc), valves. As a group, bivalves have no head and lack some typical molluscan organs such as the radula and the odontophore. Their gills have evolved into ctenidium (mollusc), ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Common bivalves include clams, oysters, Cockle (bivalve), cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other family (biology), families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. Majority of the class are benthic filter feeders that bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurotomaria
''Pleurotomaria'' is an extinct genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pleurotomariidae. Species With current taxonomic changes the genus ''Pleurotomaria'' has been reserved exclusively for fossil species (denoted with † below). Known fossil species of ''Pleurotomaria'' include: * † ''Pleurotomaria actinomphala'' Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1848 * † ''Pleurotomaria agarista'' Billings, 1865 * † ''Pleurotomaria anglica'' (Sowerby, 1818) (synonym: ''Trochus anglicus'') * † ''Pleurotomaria angulosa'' d'Orbigny, 1842 * † ''Pleurotomaria antitorquata'' Münster, 1840 * † ''Pleurotomaria arctica'' Toula, 1875 * † ''Pleurotomaria arenaria'' Girty, 1908 * † ''Pleurotomaria armata'' Münster in Goldfuss, 1844 * † ''Pleurotomaria awakinoensis'' Begg and Grant-Mackie, 2003 * † ''Pleurotomaria bajociana'' Ferrari & Damborenea, 2015 * † ''Pleurotomaria barrealensis'' (Cowper Reed, 1927) (synonym: ''Neoplatyteichum barrealensis'') * † ''Pleurotomaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropoda
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and from the land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slug, slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Furongian, Late Cambrian. , 721 family (taxonomy), families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently neontology, extant living fossil, with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favosites
''Favosites'' is an extinct genus of tabulate coral characterized by polygonal closely packed corallites (giving it the common name "honeycomb coral"). The walls between corallites are pierced by pores known as mural pores which allowed transfer of nutrients between polyps. ''Favosites'', like many corals, thrived in warm sunlit seas, feeding by filtering microscopic plankton with their stinging tentacles and often forming part of reef complexes. The genus had a worldwide distribution from the Late Ordovician to Late Permian. Distribution ''Favosites'' had a vast distribution, and its fossils can be found on every continent (except Antarctica). Species The following species of ''Favosites'' have been described:''Favosites'' at |
Coral
Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the subphylum Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact Colony (biology), colonies of many identical individual polyp (zoology), polyps. Coral species include the important Coral reef, reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. A coral "group" is a colony of very many cloning, genetically identical polyps. Each polyp is a sac-like animal typically only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height. A set of tentacles surround a central mouth opening. Each polyp excretes an exoskeleton near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a skeleton characteristic of the species which can measure up to several meters in size. Individual colonies grow by asexual reproduction of polyps. Corals also breed sexually by spawning: polyps of the same species release gametes simultaneously overnight, often around a full moon. Fertilized eggs form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostroconchia
The Rostroconchia is a class of extinct molluscs dating from the early Cambrian to the Late Permian. They were initially thought to be bivalves, but were later given their own class. They have a single shell in their larval stage, and the adult typically has a single, pseudo-bivalved shell enclosing the mantle and muscular foot. The anterior part of the shell probably pointed downward and had a gap from which the foot could probably emerge. Rostroconchs probably lived a sedentary semi- infaunal lifestyle. There were probably more than 1,000 species of members of this class. Approximately 3 dozen genera and an even greater number of species have been described. Generally, rostroconchs are small, less than two centimeters in length, but larger forms, found in United States Devonian limestones, can grow to a length of 15 cm. Morphology and lifestyle Externally, rostroconchs look much like bivalves and rostroconchs probably had an extendable muscular foot, indicated by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentamerus
:''The gall mite genus ''Pentamerus'', established by Roivainen in 1951, is invalid and needs to be renamed. Until this happens, use '' Pentamerus (mite)''.'' ''Pentamerus'' (meaning "five thighs") is a prehistoric genus of brachiopods that lived from the Silurian to the Middle Devonian in Asia, Europe, and North America. See also * Pentamerus Range Sources * ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 82) External links''Pentamerus''in the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ... Rhynchonellata Prehistoric brachiopod genera Silurian brachiopods Devonian brachiopods Paleozoic brachiopods of Asia Paleozoic brachiopods of Europe Paleozoic brachiopods of North America Silurian first appearances Middle Devonian genus extinction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
