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JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off) is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets. The term ''JATO'' is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for ''rocket-assisted take-off'' (or, in Royal Air Force, RAF parlance, RATOG, for ''rocket-assisted take-off gear''). Early experiments and World War II In 1927 the Soviet research and development laboratory Gas Dynamics Laboratory developed solid-propellant rockets to assist aircraft take-off and in 1931 the world's first successful use of rockets to assist take-off of aircraft were carried out on a :ru:У-1, U-1, the Soviet Union military aircraft designation systems, Soviet designation for a Avro 504 trainer, which achieved about one hundred successful assisted takeoffs. Successful assisted takeoffs were also achieved on the Tupolev TB-1. and Tupolev TB-3 Heavy Bombers. The official test of the Tupolev TB-1 in 1933 shorten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assisted Take-off
In aviation, assisted takeoff is any system for helping aircraft to get into the air (as opposed to strictly under its own power). The reason it might be needed is due to the aircraft's weight exceeding the normal maximum takeoff weight, insufficient power, insufficient available runway length, or a combination of all three factors. Assisted takeoff is also required for gliders, which do not have an engine and are unable to take off by themselves. Catapults (CATO) A well-known type of assisted takeoff is an aircraft catapult. In modern systems fitted on aircraft carriers, a piston, known as a ''shuttle'', is propelled down a long cylinder under steam pressure. The aircraft is attached to the shuttle using a tow bar or launch bar mounted to the nose landing gear (an older system used a steel cable called a catapult bridle; the forward ramps on older carrier bows were used to catch these cables), and is flung off the deck at about 15 knots above minimum flying speed, achieved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocket
A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the vacuum of space. Rockets work more efficiently in a vacuum and incur a loss of thrust due to the opposing pressure of the atmosphere. Multistage rockets are capable of attaining escape velocity from Earth and therefore can achieve unlimited maximum altitude. Compared with airbreathing engines, rockets are lightweight and powerful and capable of generating large accelerations. To control their flight, rockets rely on momentum, airfoils, auxiliary reaction engines, gimballed thrust, momentum wheels, deflection of the exhaust stream, propellant flow, spin, or gravity. Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter HWK 109-500
The Walter HWK 109-500 was a Liquid-propellant rocket, liquid-fuelled rocket engine developed by Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft, Walter in Germany during the World War II, Second World War. Description The 109-500 is a self-contained, modular monopropellant JATO, ''Starthilfe'' (take-off assist) engine in a pod, able to produce thrust for thirty seconds. After the fuel was expended, the pod was jettisoned and it returned to earth by parachute, with the parachute packed externally, onto the blunt forward end of the pod. The T-Stoff monopropellant, stored in the large spherical tank within the ''Starthilfe'' module's forward end, needed to react with a catalyst to provide the boosting thrust for an aircraft on takeoff - this Z-Stoff Sodium permanganate, sodium or Calcium permanganate, calcium-based, alkaline permanganate-compound (in an aqueous solution) catalyst was provided in a small tank above the reaction chamber just forward of the exhaust nozzle, with compressed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft
Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft (HWK), Helmuth Walter Werke (HWM), or commonly known as the Walter-Werke, was a German company founded by Professor Hellmuth Walter to pursue his interest in engines using hydrogen peroxide as a propellant. Having experimented with torpedoes and submarines, Walter began to design rocket engines for aircraft and founded the HWK in Kiel in 1935. During World War II the HWK developed and built a variety of rocket engines for assisted take-off ( RATO), and guided missiles, before developing main propulsion engines for rocket-powered interceptor aircraft, notably the Messerschmitt Me 163 ''Komet'' and the Bachem Ba 349 ''Natter''. HWM designed the steam catapult that launched the V-1 flying bomb. The steam was generated through the combination of T-Stoff and Z-Stoff. The company was wound up in 1945 and Walter subsequently continued his work in the United States. See also * C-Stoff C-Stoff (; "substance C") was a Redox, reductant used i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas Dynamics Laboratory
Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) () was the first Soviet research and development laboratory to focus on rocket technology. Its activities were initially devoted to the development of Solid-propellant rocket, solid propellant rockets, which became the prototypes of missiles in the Katyusha rocket launcher, as well as Liquid-propellant rocket, liquid propellant rockets, which became the prototypes of Soviet rocketry, Soviet rockets and Soviet space program, spacecraft. At the end of 1933 it became part of the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (RNII). A number of craters on the far side of the Moon are named after GDL employees. History of the organization * First rocket research and development organization in the USSR.Gas-Dynamic Laboratory, * Created on 1 March 1921 in science, 1921 in Moscow as the "Laboratory for the development of inventions by Nikolai Tikhomirov (chemical engineer), N. I. Tikhomirov" as part of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Workers' and Peasa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solid-propellant Rocket
A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/ oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder. The inception of gunpowder rockets in warfare can be credited to the ancient Chinese, and in the 13th century, the Mongols played a pivotal role in facilitating their westward adoption. All rockets used some form of solid or powdered propellant until the 20th century, when liquid-propellant rockets offered more efficient and controllable alternatives. Because of their simplicity and reliability, solid rockets are still used today in military armaments worldwide, model rockets, solid rocket boosters and on larger applications. Since solid-fuel rockets can remain in storage for an extended period without much propellant degradation, and since they almost always launch reliably, they have been frequently used in military applications such as missiles. The lower performance of solid propellant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAM Ship
CAM ships were World War II–era British merchant ships used in convoys as an emergency stop-gap until sufficient escort carriers became available. ''CAM ship'' is an acronym for catapult aircraft merchant ship.Wise, pp. 70–77 They were equipped with a rocket-propelled catapult launching a single Hawker Hurricane, dubbed a "Hurricat" or "Catafighter" to destroy or drive away an attacking bomber. Normally the Hurricane fighter would be lost when the pilot then bailed out or ditched in the ocean near the convoy. CAM ships continued to carry their normal cargoes after conversion. The concept was developed and tested by the five fighter catapult ships, commissioned as warships and commanded and crewed by the Royal Navy – but the CAM ships were merchant vessels, commanded and crewed by the Merchant Navy. Origin The German Luftwaffe had Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor aircraft with a range of nearly . After the Fall of France, these aircraft could operate from western F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messerschmitt Me 321
The Messerschmitt Me 321 ''Gigant'' was a large German cargo glider developed and used during World War II. Intended to support large-scale invasions, the Me 321 had very limited use due to the low availability of suitable tug aircraft, high vulnerability whilst in flight, and its difficult ground handling, both at base and at destination landing sites. The Me 321 was developed, in stages, into the six-engined Messerschmitt Me 323 ''Gigant'', which removed some of the problems with ground handling, although the payload was reduced. Vulnerability to ground fire and aerial attack remained a constant problem during operations of all variants. Development During the preparations for a possible invasion of Britain during World War II (Operation Sea Lion) the Luftwaffes Transport Command saw an obvious need existed for a larger-capacity cargo- and troop-carrying aircraft than its mainstay, the Junkers Ju 52. When the plans for Operation Sea Lion were shelved in December 1940, and pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Aircraft Engines Of Germany During World War II
This is a list of all German motors including all aircraft engines, rocket motors, jets and any other powerplants, along with a very basic description. It includes experimental engines as well as those that made it to production status. The Reich Air Ministry used an internal designation system that included a prefix number signifying the engine type, 9 for piston engines and 109 for jets and rockets, followed by a manufacturer's code, followed by an engine series number. Unlike the 9-prefixed piston engine designations, the 109-series of reaction-thrust, turbojet, turboprop and rocket engine designation numbers' three-place numerical suffixes had no "firm adherence" to any one manufacturer. * 090–099 – various minor manufacturers * 1 – Bayerische Motorenwerke GmbH (BMW); later changed to 800 block * 2 – Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke A.G. * 3 – BMW-Flugmotorenwerke Brandenburg GmbH (BMW-Bramo) * 4 – Argus Motoren GmbH * 5 – Heinkel Hirth Motoren GmbH * 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Patrol
Maritime patrol or maritime reconnaissance is the task of monitoring areas of water. Generally conducted by military and law enforcement agencies, maritime patrol is usually aimed at identifying human activities. Maritime patrol refers to active patrol of an area, as opposed to passive monitoring systems such as sound-detection fixtures or land-based spotters. A patrol consists of a ship, submarine, aircraft or satellite examining the patrolled area and seeking out activities to be identified and reported. Maritime patrol is critical in wartime situations for navies to locate enemy forces to engage or defend against. Peacetime patrols are important for interdiction of criminal activities and for ensuring legal use of waters. Maritime patrols can be conducted by surface ships and submarines, by aircraft (e.g. MPA) and other aerial vehicles, and even by satellites. Human spotting remains an important part of detecting activity, but increasingly electronic systems are used. Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arado 234B 1
Arado may refer to: * Arado Flugzeugwerke, a German aircraft company * Arwad Arwad (; ), the classical antiquity, classical Aradus, is a town in Syria on an eponymous List of islands of Syria, island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative center of the Arwad nahiyah, Subdistrict (''nahiyah''), of which it is ..., an ancient city in Syria {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ar 234 B-2 RATO And Engine
AR, Ar, or A&R may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Artists and repertoire * ''AR'' (EP), the debut EP by Addison Rae Periodicals * '' Absolute Return + Alpha'', a hedge fund publication *''The Adelaide Review'', an Australian arts magazine * ''American Renaissance'' (magazine), a white nationalist magazine and website * ''Architectural Review'', a British architectural journal * '' Armeerundschau'', a magazine of the East German army Other media * Ar, city on the fictional planet Gor * A.r. group, an avant-garde art group * Alternate reality (other), various fictional concepts Business * Accounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R * Acoustic Research, an American audio electronics manufacturer * Aerojet Rocketdyne, an American aerospace and defense manufacturer * Aerolíneas Argentinas (IATA airline code AR) * AtkinsRéalis, Canadian engineering company * Some Alfa Romeo car models, e.g. AR51 * Toyota AR engine Language * ''Ar'', the Latin l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
