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Intersex Rights In China
Intersex rights in China including the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, etc., are protections and rights afforded to intersex people through legislation and regulation. Obligations also arise in United Nations member states that sign international human rights treaties, such as the People's Republic of China. Intersex people in China suffer discrimination. Issues include both lack of access to health care and coercive genital surgeries. History In February 2018, Asian intersex activists published the Statement of Intersex Asia and the Asian Intersex Forum, setting out local demands. Physical integrity and bodily autonomy Small Luk (Hong Kong) describes traditional Chinese society as patriarchal, promoting the sex assignment of intersex children as boys wherever possible. She states that the "one-child policy" in mainland China led to the abandonment, neglect and deaths of many intersex infants. Both Luk and Taiwan activist Hiker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equal Opportunities Commission (Hong Kong)
The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) is a public body in Hong Kong that investigates discrimination complaints and promotes equal opportunity, equality. It was created in 1996 as the city's first quango, semi-governmental agency focused on sex discrimination. Its scope has since been expanded to include anti-discrimination, protecting groups based on race (human categorization), race, disability, and family status. History Background In the early 1990s, women in Hong Kong were not protected against sex discrimination or sexual harassment, because courts could not directly enforce human rights convention that included the right to equality. The median wage of women in 1994 was about a third lower than that of men, and classified advertisements often limited senior positions in the private sector to men and low-paying jobs only sought female applicants. The Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong government has had a history of opposing anti-discrimination legislation. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGBT Rights In China
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) face legal and social challenges that are not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. While both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal, same-sex couples are currently unable to marry or adopt, and households headed by such couples are ineligible for the same legal protections available to heterosexual couples. No explicit anti-discrimination protections for LGBTQ people are present in its legal system, nor do hate crime laws cover sexual orientation or gender identity. Homosexuality and homoeroticism in China have been documented since ancient times. Historical discrimination towards homosexuality in much of the region include the ban on homosexual acts enforced by Genghis Khan in the Mongol Empire, which made male homosexuality punishable by death. As early as the 17th century, the Manchu people, Manchu–ruled Qing dynasty, Qing courts began to use the term '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex Human Rights
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, gonads, or genitals, that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies." Intersex persons often face stigmatisation and discrimination from birth, particularly when an intersex variation is visible. In some countries this may include infanticide, abandonment and the stigmatization of families. Mothers in East Africa may be accused of witchcraft, and the birth of an intersex child may be described as a curse. Intersex infants and children, such as those with ambiguous outer genitalia, may be surgically and/or hormonally altered to fit perceived more socially acceptable sex characteristics. However, this is considered controversial, with no firm evidence of good outcomes. While infertility among intersex people is associated with specific conditions, these surgical interventions are also associated with infertility in inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex Rights In Taiwan
Intersex people in Taiwan currently face some gaps in legal protection of their rights to physical integrity and bodily autonomy, and in protection from discrimination on the basis of sex characteristics, with significant improvements in recent years. History In Taiwan, intersex people are called yīnyángrĕn (lit. yin-and-yang person; hermaphrodite), shuāngxìnrĕn (lit. double-sex person), or jiānxìnrĕn (lit. middle-sex person) in Mandarin, or puànn-iam-iûnn-á (lit. half-yin-half-yang person) in Taiwanese Hokkien. A chapter of Organization Intersex International, Oii-Chinese, was founded by Hiker Chiu in 2008 as the first and sole advocacy and support group for intersex people in Taiwan and the Chinese-speaking world. The group prefers the term yīnyángrĕn over the other Mandarin terms. In June 2018, the Control Yuan, which functions partly as a national ombudsman, published a report on the government's inadequate protections of the rights of intersex people, in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-discrimination Laws
Anti-discrimination law or non-discrimination law refers to legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people; these groups are often referred to as protected groups or protected classes. Anti-discrimination laws vary by jurisdiction with regard to the types of discrimination that are prohibited, and also the groups that are protected by that legislation. Commonly, these types of legislation are designed to prevent discrimination in employment, housing, education, and other areas of social life, such as public accommodations. Anti-discrimination law may include protections for groups based on sex, age, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability, mental illness or ability, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity/expression, sex characteristics, religion, creed, or individual political opinions. Anti-discrimination laws are rooted in principles of equality, specifically, that individuals should not be treated differently due to the characteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conversion Therapies
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, gender identity, or gender expression to align with heterosexual and cisgender norms. Methods that have been used to this end include forms of brain surgery, surgical or chemical (hormonal) castration, aversion therapy treatments such as electric shocks, nausea-inducing drugs, hypnosis, counseling, spiritual interventions, visualization, psychoanalysis, and arousal reconditioning. There is a scientific consensus that conversion therapy is ineffective at changing a person's sexual orientation or gender identity and that it frequently causes significant long-term psychological harm. An increasing number of jurisdictions around the world have passed laws against conversion therapy. Historically, conversion therapy was the treatment of choice for individuals who disclosed same-sex attractions or exhibited gender nonconformity, which were formerly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
