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Indian Social Reformers
Social reformers are individuals who actively challenge and seek to change societal norms and structures that perpetuate inequality and injustice. Their work addresses systemic issues such as caste discrimination, gender bias, economic disparity, and access to education and healthcare. By advocating for the rights of marginalized communities, social reformers aim to dismantle oppressive practices and create a more just and equitable society. Throughout history, social reformers have emerged in various cultural and political contexts, often using grassroots activism, legal reforms, and public advocacy to drive change. Their contributions not only highlight the struggles of disadvantaged groups but also inspire collective action and awareness about social issues. Notable social reformers * Mahatma Jyotiba Phule * Savitribai Phule * Fatima Sheikh * B. R. Ambedkar * Periyar E. V. Ramasamy * Kabir * Ravidas * Kanshi Ram *Mahatma Gandhi * Bhagat Singh * Ramswaroop Verma * R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social system, social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more Radicalism (politics), radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's Noncooperation movement, spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary, Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes. United Kingdom After two decades of intensely conservative rule, the logjam broke in the late 1820s with the repeal of obsolet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2October 186930January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalism, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethics, political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful Indian independence movement, campaign for India's independence from British Raj, British rule. He inspired movements for Civil rights movements, civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific ''Mahātmā'' (from Sanskrit, meaning great-souled, or venerable), first applied to him in Union of South Africa, South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of 22. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muthulakshmi Reddy
Muthulakshmi Reddy (also spelled Reddi in some British Indian sources; 30 July 1886 – 22 July 1968) was an Indian medical practitioner, social reformer and Padma Bhushan award recipient. Muthulakshmi Reddy was appointed to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926. This nomination marked the beginning of her lifelong effort to "correct the balance for women by removing social abuses and working for equality in moral standards″. She was a women's activist and social reformer. She had a number of firsts to her name: the first female student to be admitted into a men's college, the first woman House Surgeon in the Government Maternity and Ophthalmic Hospital, the first woman Legislator in British India, the first Chairperson of the State Social Welfare Advisory Board, the first woman Deputy President of the Legislative Council, and the first woman in the Madras Corporation. She built Avvai Home in 1931. Reddy was born in the princely state of Pudukkottai of Tamil Nadu. In spit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarabai Shinde
Tarabai Shinde (1850–1910) was a feminist activist who protested patriarchy and caste in 19th century India. She is known for her published work, '' Stri Purush Tulana'' ("A Comparison Between Women and Men"), originally published in Marathi in 1882. The pamphlet is a critique of caste and patriarchy, and is often considered the first modern Indian feminist text. It was very controversial for its time in challenging the Hindu religious scriptures themselves as a source of women's oppression, a view that continues to be controversial and debated today. She was a member of Satyashodhak Samaj. Early life and family Born in Marathi Family in the year 1850 to Bapuji Hari Shinde in Buldhana, Berar Province, in present-day Maharashtra, she was a founding member of the ''Satyashodhak Samaj'', Pune. Her father was a radical and head clerk in the office of Deputy Commissioner of Revenues, he also published a book titled, "''Hint to the Educated Natives''" in 1871. There was no girl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Nivedita
Sister Nivedita ( born Margaret Elizabeth Noble; 28 October 1867 – 13 October 1911) was an Irish teacher, author, social activist, school founder and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. She spent her childhood and early youth in Ireland. She was engaged to marry a Welsh youth, but he died soon after their engagement. Sister Nivedita met Swami Vivekananda in 1895 in London and travelled to Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), India, in 1898. Swami Vivekananda gave her the name ''Nivedita'' (meaning "Dedicated to God") when he initiated her into the vow of ''Brahmacharya'' on 25 March 1898. In November 1898, she opened a girls' school in the Bagbazar area of North Calcutta. She wanted to educate girls who were deprived of even basic education. During the plague epidemic in Calcutta in 1899, Nivedita nursed and took care of the poor patients. Nivedita had close associations with the newly established Ramakrishna Mission. Because of her active contribution in the field of Indian Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian Modern yoga gurus, yogi, maharishi, and Indian nationalist. He also edited the newspaper Bande Mataram (publication), ''Bande Mataram''. Aurobindo studied for the Imperial Civil Service, Indian Civil Service at King's College, Cambridge, King's College, in Cambridge, England. After returning to India, he took up various civil service works under the Maharaja of the princely state of Baroda State, Baroda. He became increasingly involved in nationalist politics in the Indian National Congress and the nascent revolutionary movement in Bengal with the Anushilan Samiti. He was arrested in the aftermath of a number of bombings linked to his organization in a public trial where he faced charges of treason for Emperor v. Aurobindo Ghosh and others, Alipore Conspiracy and then released, after which he moved to Pondicherry (city), Pondicherry and developed a spiritual practice he called Integral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annie Besant
Annie Besant (; Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was an English socialist, Theosophy (Blavatskian), theosophist, freemason, women's rights and Home Rule activist, educationist and campaigner for Indian nationalism. She was an ardent supporter of both Irish and Indian Self-governance, self-rule. She became the first female president of the Indian National Congress in 1917. She became a prominent speaker for the National Secular Society (NSS), as well as a writer, and a close friend of Charles Bradlaugh. In 1877 they were prosecuted for publishing a book by birth control campaigner Charles Knowlton. Thereafter, she became involved with union actions, including the Bloody Sunday (1887), Bloody Sunday demonstration and the London matchgirls strike of 1888. She was a leading speaker for both the Fabian Society and the Marxist Social Democratic Federation (SDF). She was also elected to the London School Board for Tower Division, Tower Hamlets, topping the poll, even thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), also known as the ''"Grand Old Man of India"'' and "Unofficial Ambassador of India", was an Indian independence activist, political leader, merchant, scholar and writer. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress and served as its 2nd, 9th, and 22nd President from 1886 to 1887, 1893 to 1894 and 1906 to 1907. He was the Diwan of Baroda from 1874, before moving to England, where he was a Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, British House of Commons, representing Finsbury Central (UK Parliament constituency), Finsbury Central between 1892 and 1895. He was the second person of Asian descent to be a Parliament of the United Kingdom, British MP, the first being Anglo Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre. His book ''Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'' brought attention to his theory of the Indian "we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale ( International Phonetic Alphabet, [ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː] 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915) was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the Indian independence movement, and political mentor of India, Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions, and a major member of the Poona Association or the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Early biography Gopal Krishna Gokhale hailed from a Marathi people, Marathi Hindu Brahmin family of Ratnagiri, Bombay Presidency, now Maharashtra. He was born in a Chitpavan Brahmin family on 9 May 1866 of the British R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhadeo Thorat
Sukhadeo Thorat (born 12 July 1949) an Indian economist, educationist, professor and writer. He is the former chairman of the University Grants Commission. He is professor emeritus in Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University. He is an expert on B. R. Ambedkar. Education Thorat hails from Buddhist community of Maharashta. Thorat graduated with a B.A. from Milind College of Arts, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. He obtained an M.A. in Economics from Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, M.Phil/PhD in Economics from Jawaharlal Nehru University, and Diploma in Economic Planning, Main School of Planning, Warsaw, Poland. Academic career Thorat was lecturer at Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad from 1973 to 1980. He was Faculty Member at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi from 1980 onwards, and visiting faculty at Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames, USA during 1989–1991. He has been a research associate of the Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karpoori Thakur
Karpoori Thakur (24 January 1924 – 17 February 1988) was an Indian politician who served two terms as the 11th Chief Minister of Bihar, first from December 1970 to June 1971, and then from June 1977 to April 1979. He was popularly known as Jan Nayak (). On 26 January 2024, he was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, by the Government of India. This was announced by the President of India Draupadi Murmu on 23 January 2024. Biography Karpoori Thakur was born to Gokul Thakur and Ramdulari Devi at Pitaunjhia (now Karpuri Gram) village in Samastipur District of Bihar. He belonged to the Nai community. He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and Satyanarayan Sinha. He joined the All India Students Federation. As a student activist, he left his graduate college to join the Quit India Movement. For his participation in the Indian independence movement, he spent 26 months in prison. After India gained independence, Thakur worked as a teacher in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagdeo Prasad
Babu Jagdeo Prasad (2 February 1922 – 5 September 1974), alternatively spelled as Jagdev Prasad and popularly known as Jagdev Babu, was an Indian politician and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly who served as Bihar, Bihar's deputy chief minister in 1968 for four days in the Satish Prasad Singh cabinet. A great Socialism, socialist and a proponent of Arjak Sangh, Arjak culture, he was the founder of Shoshit Dal (later Shoshit Samaj Dal) and was a staunch antagonist and critic of India's Caste system in India, caste system. He was nicknamed as the "Vladimir Lenin, Lenin of Bihar". Biography Prasad was a member of the Dangi (people), Dangi, subcaste of the Koeri caste system in India, caste, and was referred to as the "Lenin of Bihar" due to his charisma. He led the Shoshit Samaj Dal and during the early 1970s, at the height of the caste tensions known as the Bihar Movement, he was able to attract much support from both members of the Other Backward Classes and the Dali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
