Independent Subway System
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Independent Subway System
The Independent Subway System (IND; formerly the ISS) was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway. It was first constructed as the IND Eighth Avenue Line, Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan in 1932. It was originally also known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOSS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad (ICORTR). One of three subway networks that became part of the modern New York City Subway, the IND was intended to be fully owned and operated by the municipal government, in contrast to the privately operated or jointly funded Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) companies. It was merged with these two networks when the subway system was History of the New York City Subway#Unification, unified in 1940. The original IND services are the modern subway's A (New York City Subway service), A, C (New York City Subway service), C, E (New York City Subway ser ...
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New York City Subway
The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system in New York City serving the New York City boroughs, boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. It is owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate agency of the Government of New York (state), state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened on October 27, 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the most-used, and the one with the second-most stations after the Beijing Subway, with New York City Subway stations, 472 stations in operation (423, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). The system has operated 24/7 service every day of the year throughout most of its history, barring emergencies and disasters. By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the busiest rapid transit system in both the Western Hemisphere and the Western world, as well as the List of m ...
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Manhattan
Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, largest, and average area per state and territory, smallest county by area in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. Located almost entirely on Manhattan Island near the southern tip of the state, Manhattan constitutes the center of the Northeast megalopolis and the urban core of the New York metropolitan area. Manhattan serves as New York City's Economy of New York City, economic and Government of New York City, administrative center and has been described as the cultural, financial, Media in New York City, media, and show business, entertainment capital of the world. Present-day Manhattan was originally part of Lenape territory. European settlement began with the establishment of a trading post by Dutch colonization of the Americas, D ...
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Q (New York City Subway Service)
The Q Second Avenue/Broadway Express/Brighton Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it is a part of the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. The Q operates 24 hours daily between 96th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, Brooklyn. Daytime service makes express stops in Manhattan (between 57th Street–Seventh Avenue and Canal Street) and all stops in Brooklyn; overnight service makes all stops along the full route. The Q was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT)'s 1 service; beginning in 1920, it ran along the Brighton Line in Brooklyn and Broadway Line in Manhattan. In the past, the Q has run many different service patterns in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens, both local and express, including QB service on the Manhattan Bridge and QT service via the Montague Street Tunnel. From 1988 to 2001, Q service ran along the IND ...
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R (New York City Subway Service)
The R Broadway Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. The R operates 24 hours daily, although service patterns vary based on the time of day. Daytime service operates between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills, Queens, and 95th Street in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, making all stops along the full route; one northbound a.m. rush hour trip terminates at 96th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan instead of 71st Avenue in Queens. Overnight service short turns at Whitehall Street–South Ferry in Lower Manhattan from Brooklyn and does not operate to and from 71st Avenue. The R was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's 2 service, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn then traveling through the Montague Street Tunnel to Manhattan, then running local on the BMT Broadway Line. The 2 became the RR in 1961. The RR ran lo ...
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M (New York City Subway Service)
The M Queens Boulevard/Sixth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it is a part of the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The M operates 24 hours daily, although service patterns vary based on the time of day. Weekday rush hour and midday service operates between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills and Metropolitan Avenue in Middle Village, Queens and makes all stops along the full route through Manhattan and Brooklyn; weekday evening and weekend daytime service short turns at Essex Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan and does not operate to or from 71st Avenue. Overnight service operates as a shuttle between Metropolitan Avenue in Queens and Myrtle Avenue–Broadway in Brooklyn. The M is the only service that travels in the same borough via two different and unconnected lines. Additionally, the M is the only non-shuttle service that has both of its full-run terminals in the ...
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D (New York City Subway Service)
The D Sixth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored , since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The D operates 24 hours daily between 205th Street in Norwood, Bronx, and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, Brooklyn. Daytime service makes express stops in the Bronx and Manhattan, and in Brooklyn (between Atlantic Avenue and 36th Street) and also bypasses DeKalb Avenue. During rush hours in the peak direction, D service makes express stops between Fordham Road in the Bronx and 145th Street in Manhattan. Overnight service is the same as daytime service, except all trains make all stops in Brooklyn and stops at DeKalb Avenue. In its early years, the D ran to Chambers Street/Hudson Terminal in Lower Manhattan via the lower IND Eighth Avenue Line south of West 4th Street. From 1954 to 1967, the D ran via the IND Culver Line to Coney Island. With the completion of the Chryst ...
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B (New York City Subway Service)
The B Sixth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division (New York City Subway), B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored , since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Midtown Manhattan. The B operates weekdays during daytime hours only. Weekday rush hour and midday service operates between Bedford Park Boulevard (IND Concourse Line), Bedford Park Boulevard in the Bronx and Brighton Beach (BMT Brighton Line), Brighton Beach in Brooklyn. The route makes all stops in the Bronx and Upper Manhattan, and express stops in Midtown Manhattan (between 34th Street–Herald Square (IND Sixth Avenue Line), 34th and West Fourth Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line), West Fourth Streets) and in Brooklyn. Limited midday and all evening service short turns at 145th Street (IND Concourse Line), 145th Street in Manhattan, rather than operating all the way to Bedford Park Boulevard. From the opening of the IND Sixth Avenue Line in 1940 until Novembe ...
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G (New York City Subway Service)
The G Brooklyn-Queens Crosstown is an rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the IND Crosstown Line. The G operates 24 hours daily between Court Square in Long Island City, Queens, and Church Avenue in Kensington, Brooklyn and makes all stops along the full route. It is the only non- shuttle service in the system that does not serve the borough of Manhattan. The G serves two stations in Queens—Court Square and 21st Street, both in Long Island City. Prior to 2010, it served the IND Queens Boulevard Line between Court Square and 71st Avenue in Forest Hills. In 1939 and 1940, the then-designated GG also used the now-demolished IND World's Fair Line to access the 1939 New York World's Fair. The GG, which became the G in 1985, had its southern terminal at Smith–Ninth Streets from 1976 to 2009. In the 21st century, the G suffered from a wide range of issues that has resulted in complai ...
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F (New York City Subway Service)
The F and <F> Queens Boulevard Express/Sixth Avenue Local are two rapid transit services in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Their route bullets are colored , since they use and are part of the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The F operates 24 hours daily between 179th Street in Jamaica, Queens and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, Brooklyn. Daytime service makes express stops in Queens (between Forest Hills–71st Avenue and 21st Street–Queensbridge) and all stops in Manhattan and Brooklyn; overnight service makes all stops along the full route. Limited rush hour service operates along the full route and makes express stops between Jay Street and Church Avenue in the peak direction only, making one intermediate stop at Seventh Avenue; this express service was introduced in September 2019. In Brooklyn, local service is denoted as (F) in a circle-shaped bullet while express service is denoted as <F> in a diamond-shaped bullet. From 1968 to ...
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E (New York City Subway Service)
The E Queens Boulevard Express/Eighth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division (New York City Subway), B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is blue since it uses the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The E operates 24 hours daily between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer (Archer Avenue Lines), Jamaica Center–Parsons Boulevard–Archer Avenue in Jamaica, Queens, and the World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line), World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan; limited rush hour service originates and terminates at Jamaica–179th Street (IND Queens Boulevard Line), 179th Street instead of Jamaica Center. Daytime service makes express stops in Queens and all stops in Manhattan; overnight service makes all stops along the full route. E service, which is one of the most heavily used services in the subway system, started in 1933 with the opening of the IND Queens Boulevard Line. In its early years, the E train ran along the Rutgers Stre ...
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C (New York City Subway Service)
The C Eighth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is since it is a part of the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The C operates during daytime hours only between 168th Street in Washington Heights, Manhattan and Euclid Avenue in East New York, Brooklyn, making all stops along the full route; overnight service is replaced by the train, which makes all stops along the C's route. Historically, most C service ran only during rush hours, along the IND Concourse Line to Bedford Park Boulevard in the Bronx and later along the IND Rockaway Line to Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street in Queens. Prior to 1985, the local C service was referred to as the CC, with the C designation reserved for a complementary express service that was discontinued in 1949. The CC was once the only route to serve the Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens in a single trip. Outside of rush hour, local service in Manha ...
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A (New York City Subway Service)
The A Eighth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division (New York City Subway), B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it is a part of the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The A operates 24 hours daily between Inwood–207th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line), 207th Street in Inwood, Manhattan and Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue station, Mott Avenue in Far Rockaway, Queens. During daytime hours, alternate service operates to and from Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard station, Lefferts Boulevard in South Ozone Park, Queens. During rush hours, five scheduled trips in the peak direction operate from Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station, Beach 116th Street in Rockaway Park, Queens to Manhattan in the morning and back from Manhattan in the afternoon. Daytime service makes express stops in Manhattan and Brooklyn and all stops in Queens. Overnight service operates only between 207th Street and Far Rockaway, making all ...
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