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Holothuriida
Holothuriida is an Order (biology), order of Holothuroidea, sea cucumbers. Taxa within the order Holothuriida were previously classified in the order Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Some taxa were also reclassified into the clades Synallactida and Persiculida. Description and characteristics Species of the order Holothuriida are distinguished from other sea cucumbers by the presence of flattened, often leaf-like tentacles, but without the other large appendages found in the related order Elasipodida. They do not have introvert or retractor muscles. The tube feet often form a clearly demarcated sole. They have 15-30 shield-shaped retractile tentacles surrounding their mouths. The body wall is thick and leathery and contains Ossicle (echinoderm), ossicles, including some table-shaped ones. They have respiratory trees for gas exchange. The mesentery of the posterior loop of their gut is attached to the right ventral interradius. The muscles that ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuriidae
Holothuriidae is a Family (biology), family of sea cucumbers, a type of echinoderm. Description Members of the family Holothuriidae have thick fleshy bodies and several rows of tube feet which are used for moving around and for adhering to the surface. The body is often covered with blunt projections known as papillae. Many of the members of this family are able to eject a mass of fine sticky threads known as cuvierian tubules to distract Predation, predators, or even turn their viscera inside out. For the taxonomic determination, the genera ''Actinopyga'' and ''Bohadschia'' have their spicules exclusively shaped like sticks, and the genera ''Holothuria'' and ''Labidodemas'' never have theirs shaped like tables. ''Actinopyga'' is also equipped with anal teeth (modified podia), and never throw out Cuvieran tubules, just like ''Pearsonothuria''. Members of this family occur throughout the oceans of the world at low to middle latitudes. They often live in coral reefs and nearby san ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea ( ). They are benthic marine animals found on the sea floor worldwide, and the number of known holothuroid species worldwide is about 1,786, with the greatest number being in the Asia–Pacific region. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as detritivores who help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter, after which microbes can continue the decomposition process. Sea cucumbers have a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad, are named for their overall resemblance to the fruit of the cucumber plant. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have a calcified dermal endoskeleton, which is usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. In some species these can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armoured cuticle. In some abyssal or pelagic species such as '' Pelagothuria natatrix'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohadschia Argus
''Bohadschia argus'', the leopard sea cucumber, leopardfish, or tigerfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Western Indo-Pacific region. Description ''Bohadschia argus'' has the same roughly cylindrical body plan shared by most sea cucumbers. On average, it measures approximately in length and in weight, with a maximum recorded length of . Its tough outer body wall, around in thickness, is firm and leathery to the touch. Its dorsal side is greyish-brown in coloration, and covered in numerous yellow eyespots, similar to those of its vernacular namesake. The underside is usually paler in coloration, although some specimens remain uniformly brown throughout. There are several rows of tube feet on the underside, which it uses for locomotion. Surrounding the mouth at the anterior end is a ring of paddle-shaped, black feeding tentacles with white fringes. The anus, at the posterior end, has Cuvierian tubules situated at its b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearsonothuria Graeffei
''Pearsonothuria'' is a genus of sea cucumbers in the Family (biology), family Holothuriidae. ''Pearsonothuria graeffei'' is the only species in the genus. Graeffe's sea cucumber is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Type locality (biology), type locality is Viti Island, Fiji. It is named after Eduard Heinrich Graeffe, Semper's coworker at the Museum Godeffroy. Description ''Pearsonothuria graeffei'' is a roughly cylindrical, thin-walled sea cucumber that grows to about in length. Its mouth, at one end, is surrounded by a ring of up to 24 leaf-like, paddle-shaped tentacles with black stalks which are black on the upper side and white beneath. The anus is at the other end of the body and there are several rows of tube feet along the underside. The colour of the adults is pale brown and white, with black speckles and small thornlike protuberances. By contrast, the juveniles are brightly coloured, being white and blue or black, with a few large, yellow, thornlike proj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labidodemas Rugosum
''Labidodemas rugosum'' is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Description ''Labidodemas rugosum'' has a distinctive white-pink hue. It is covered in long pinkish-white papillae. Distribution and habitat ''Labidodemas rugosum'' is found off the coasts of Asia and Africa, in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Red Sea, the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, to India and the Maldives, to Indonesia, northern Australia, the Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea and other island groups in the western Pacific. ''Labidodemas rugosum'' is a reef-associated species, and is commonly found embedded in sand underneath stony corals. It lives in the eulittoral zone, between underwater. Conservation status ''Labidodemas rugosum'' is uncommon but widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific, and not widely fished throughout its range. Due to this, the International Union for Conser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuria Edulis
''Holothuria edulis'', commonly known as the edible sea cucumber or the pink and black sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus ''Halodeima'' by Pearson in 1914, making its full scientific name ''Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis''. It is found in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Description ''Holothuria edulis'' is a medium-sized sea cucumber reaching a length of about . It has a roughly cylindrical shape with rounded ends but can retract and expand its body and adopt different shapes. It is usually soft and pliable with a smooth skin but, due to the special characteristics of its connective tissue, it can become firm and rigid. The body is lined with longitudinal rows of small tube feet which can be withdrawn into the body wall, leaving small hollows. About twenty tube feet in a ring round the mouth are modified into feeding tentacles. This sea cucumber is usually a dark reddish-black colour on its upper si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinopyga Echinites
''Actinopyga echinites'', commonly known as the brownfish or deep water redfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region and is harvested for food. Description ''Actinopyga echinites'' grows to a length of about . It is widest in the middle, tapering slightly at both ends; the dorsal surface is arched while the ventral surface is flattened. The leathery skin is rough, being covered in papillae. The skin is strengthened by the presence of spicules, microscopic spike-like structures, which in this species are shaped like large rods. The colour of this sea cucumber is brown above and orange-brown below, and the upper surface often has sand adhering to it. The anus is surrounded by five beige anal teeth, and the pinkish Cuvierian tubules are occasionally discharged through the anus when the animal is stressed. Distribution and habitat ''Actinopyga echinites'' is found off the coasts of Asia and Africa, in the tropic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesothuriidae
Mesothuriidae is a family of echinoderm An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as ...s belonging to the order Holothuriida. Genera There are two genera recognised in the family Mesothuriidae: * '' Mesothuria'' Ludwig, 1894 - 26 species * '' Zygothuria'' Perrier, 1898 - 6 species References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17154154 Holothuriida Echinoderm families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuria Hilla
''Holothuria hilla'' is a species of sea cucumber in the subgenus ''Mertensiothuria'' of the genus ''Holothuria''. Some common names include the contractile sea cucumber, the sand sifting sea cucumber and the tigertail sea cucumber, and in Hawaii it is known as the light spotted sea cucumber. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region and the Red Sea. Description ''Holothuria hilla'' is a cylindrical sea cucumber, tapering slightly at the posterior end. It can grow to a length of about and a diameter of . The integument is thin, soft and wrinkled. The dorsal surface is covered with longitudinal rows of tube feet modified into thornlike conical papillae with broad bases, sometimes joined in pairs. These are creamy-white, in contrast to the pinkish, golden or brown background colour of the skin. The ventral surface is similar in colour but the papillae are ranged in four or five rows and are longer and yellowish. The mouth is on the underside and is surrounded by a ring of twenty, yel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesothuria
''Mesothuria'' is a genus of sea cucumbers belonging to the family Mesothuriidae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en .... Species The following 26 species are recognised in the genus ''Mesothuria'': *'' Mesothuria abbreviata'' Koehler & Vaney, 1905 *'' Mesothuria bifurcata'' Hérouard, 1901 *'' Mesothuria carnosa'' Fisher, 1907 *'' Mesothuria cathedralis'' Heding, 1940 *'' Mesothuria crebrapedes'' Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981 *'' Mesothuria deani'' Mitsukuri, 1912 *'' Mesothuria edwardensis'' Massin, 1992 *'' Mesothuria gargantua'' Deichmann, 1930 *'' Mesothuria holothurioides'' Sluiter, 1901 *'' Mesothuria incerta'' Koehler & Vaney, 1905 *'' Mesothuria intestinalis'' (Ascanius, 1805) *'' Mesothuria magellani'' (Ludwig, 1883) *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuvierian Tubules
Cuvierian tubules are clusters of fine tubes located at the base of the respiratory tree in some sea cucumbers in the genera ''Bohadschia'', ''Holothuria'' and '' Pearsonothuria'', all of which are included in the family Holothuriidae. The tubules can be discharged through the anus when the sea cucumber is stressed. They lengthen when they come into contact with seawater and become adhesive when they encounter objects, functioning as a form of defense against predators or sources of danger. Cuverian tubules are named after the French zoologist Georges Cuvier, who first described them. Mode of action There may be several hundred Cuvierian tubules which are attached to the left respiratory tree and lie freely in the coelomic fluid in the body cavity. When stressed, the sea cucumber faces away from the attacker and contracts its body wall muscles sharply. This causes the wall of the cloaca to tear and the anus to gape and the free ends of some of the tubes to be ejected. Water fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
