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Hollywood Blacklist
The Hollywood blacklist was the mid-20th century banning of suspected Communists from working in the United States entertainment industry. The blacklisting, blacklist began at the onset of the Cold War and Red Scare#Second Red Scare (1947–1957), Red Scare, and affected entertainment production in Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood, New York City, New York, and elsewhere. Actors, screenwriters, film director, directors, film score, musicians, and other professionals were barred from employment based on their present or past membership in, alleged membership in, or perceived sympathy with the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), or on the basis of their refusal to assist Congressional or FBI investigations into the Party's activities. Even during the period of its strictest enforcement from the late 1940s to late 1950s, the blacklist was rarely made explicit nor was it easily verifiable. Instead, it was the result of numerous individual decisions implemented by studio executives and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
H10Protest
H1, H-1, H01, H I may refer to: Places *Interstate H-1, a highway in Hawaii * Area H1, the area of Hebron controlled by the Palestinian Authority under the Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, Hebron Protocol Science * H1 (particle detector) * Histamine H1 receptor * Histone H1, a protein * British NVC community H1, a heath zone * Hydrogen atom (H1) * Protium (isotope), an isotope of hydrogen * H I region, a cloud in the interstellar medium * ATC code H01 ''Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones and analogues'', a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System * Haplogroup H1 (other), a grouping in genetics based on certain similarities * Alternative hypothesis (H1) Technology * , level 1 heading markup for HTML Web pages; see HTML element#heading, HTML element * DSC-H1, a Sony Cybershot digital camera * H1, John Harrison#The first three marine timekeepers, John Harrison's first marine chronometer * Tianwen-1 (formerly ''Huoxing-1''), f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression In The United States
In the United States, the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and then spread worldwide. The nadir came in 1931–1933, and recovery came in 1940. The stock market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, famine, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth as well as for personal advancement. Altogether, there was a general loss of confidence in the economic future. The usual explanations include numerous factors, especially high consumer debt, ill-regulated markets that permitted overoptimistic loans by banks and investors, and the lack of high-growth new industries. These all interacted to create a downward economic spiral of reduced spending, falling confidence and lowered production. Industries that suffered the most included construction, shipping, mining, logging, and agriculture. Also hard hit was the manufacturing of durable goods like automobiles and appliances, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Channels
''Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television'' was an anti-Communist document published in the United States at the start of the 1950s. Issued by the right-wing journal ''Counterattack'' on June 22, 1950, the pamphlet-style book names 151 actors, writers, musicians, broadcast journalists, and others in the context of purported Communist manipulation of the entertainment industry. Some of the 151 were already being denied employment because of their political beliefs, history, or association with suspected subversives. ''Red Channels'' effectively placed the rest on a blacklist. ''Counterattack'' In May 1947, Alfred Kohlberg, an American textile importer and an ardent member of the anti-Communist China Lobby, funded an organization, led by three former FBI agents, called American Business Consultants Inc., which issued a newsletter, ''Counterattack.'' Kohlberg was also an original national council member of the John Birch Society. A special report ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Of Motion Picture Producers
The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) is a trade association based in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, that represents over 350 American television and film production companies in collective bargaining negotiations with entertainment industry trade unions that include, among others, SAG-AFTRA, the Directors Guild of America, the Writers Guild of America West and East, the American Federation of Musicians, and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. Overview As the entertainment industry's official collective bargaining representative, the AMPTP, like the Motion Picture Association (MPA), is a key trade association for major film and television producers in the United States. The AMPTP currently negotiates 80 industry-wide collective bargaining agreements on behalf of over 350 motion picture and television producers. AMPTP member companies include the major motion picture studios (including Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrian Scott
Robert Adrian Scott (February 6, 1911 – December 25, 1972) was an American screenwriter and film producer. He was one of the Hollywood Ten and later blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses. Life and career Early life Scott was born in Arlington, New Jersey, the son of successful Irish Catholic parents — his father worked in middle management for the New York Telephone Company. Arlington was one of the centers of the American textile industry, a key site in the history of industrial capitalism and a hotbed of radical labor agitation. Arlington is 12 miles south of Paterson, where the 1913 strike of 25,000 silk workers brought together socialists, Wobblies, and Greenwich Village intellectuals. In 1926, when Scott was 15, 20,000 textile workers in nearby Passaic, New Jersey, closed down the mills. Scott's older brother Allan was a playwright (and later screenwriter), whose comedy ''Goodbye Again'' ran on Broadway for most of 1933. Adrian's college yearbook in Amher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Ornitz
Samuel Badisch Ornitz (November 15, 1890 – March 10, 1957) was an American screenwriter and novelist from New York City; he was one of the "Hollywood Ten"Obituary '' Variety'', March 13, 1957, page 63. who were blacklisted from the 1950s on by movie studio bosses after his appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee when he was held in contempt of Congress for refusing to testify about his alleged membership in the Communist Party. In his later years, he wrote novels, including ''Bride of the Sabbath'' (1951), which became a bestseller. Early life and education Born to a Jewish family in 1890 in New York City, New York, the son of immigrants from Eastern Europe. Ornitz attended public schools and Hebrew School. His father became a successful dry goods merchant who wanted his sons to go into business with him. From an early age, Ornitz became interested in socialism, giving street talks at the age of 12, and writing. Work Unlike his brothers, Ornitz was not in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Maltz
Albert Maltz (; October 28, 1908 – April 26, 1985) was an American playwright, fiction writer and screenwriter. He was one of the Hollywood Ten who were jailed in 1950 for their 1947 refusal to testify before the US Congress about their involvement with the Communist Party USA. They and many other US entertainment industry figures were subsequently blacklisted, which denied Maltz employment in the industry for many years. Background Albert Maltz was the third of three sons born to Bernard Morris Maltz, a Russian immigrant from modern-day Lithuania,Bernard Maltz and Lena Sherry Maltz passport application, ''Passport Applications, January 2, 1906 – March 31, 1925'' (microform database), 1924 Roll 2523 – Certificates: 418850-419349, 17 May 1924 – 19 May 1924. and Lena Schereaschetsky (later Sherry), also an immigrant from a Russia-controlled area.13th U.S. Federal Decennial Census, New York state, Kings county, Brooklyn borough, 21st Ward, New York City, April 29, 1910, ED 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Howard Lawson
John Howard Lawson (September 25, 1894 – August 11, 1977) was an American playwright, screenwriter, arts critic, and cultural historian. After enjoying a relatively successful career writing plays that were staged on and off Broadway in the 1920s and '30s, Lawson relocated to Hollywood and began working in the motion picture industry. In 1933, he helped to organize the Screen Writers Guild and became its first president. In the ensuing years, he was credited with a number of notable screenplays including ''Blockade'' (1938), ''Action in the North Atlantic'' (1943), and '' Counter-Attack'' (1945). In 1947, Lawson was one of the Hollywood Ten, the initial group of American film industry professionals to appear before Congress as part of an investigation into communist influence in Hollywood. Because he and the other nine screenwriters and directors refused to answer questions about their alleged Communist Party affiliation, they were cited for contempt of Congress. In 1948, Lawso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ring Lardner Jr
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner Jr. (August 19, 1915 – October 31, 2000) was an American screenwriter. A member of the "Hollywood Ten", he was blacklisted by the Hollywood film studios during the late 1940s and 1950s after his appearance as an "unfriendly" witness before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) leading to Lardner being found guilty of contempt of Congress. Early life Born in Chicago, he was the son of Ellis (Abbott) and journalist and humorist Ring Lardner and the brother of James, John, and David Lardner. He was educated at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts and Princeton University. In his sophomore year he enrolled at the Anglo-American Institute of the University of Moscow. Lardner returned to New York and, in 1935, briefly worked at the ''Daily Mirror'' before signing on as publicity director with David O. Selznick's new movie company. Lardner joined the US Communist Party in 1937. Career Lardner moved to Hollywood where he worked a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Dmytryk
Edward Dmytryk (September 4, 1908 – July 1, 1999) was a Canadian-born American film director and editor. He was known for his 1940s films noir, noir films and received an Academy Award for Best Director, Oscar nomination for Best Director for ''Crossfire (film), Crossfire'' (1947). In 1947, he was named as one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of blacklisted film industry professionals who refused to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in their investigations during the Red Scare of the McCarthy era. They all served time in prison for contempt of Congress. In 1951, Dmytryk testified to the HUAC and named individuals, including Arnold Manoff, whose careers were then destroyed for many years, to rehabilitate his own career. First hired again by independent producer Stanley Kramer in 1952, Dmytryk is likely best known for directing ''The Caine Mutiny (1954 film), The Caine Mutiny'' (1954), a critical and commercial success. The second-highest-grossing film of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lester Cole
Lester Cole (June 19, 1904 – August 15, 1985) was an American screenwriter. He was one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of screenwriters and directors who were cited for contempt of Congress and blacklisted for their refusal to testify regarding their alleged involvement with the Communist Party. Biography Born into a Jewish family in New York City, Cole was the son of Polish immigrants. His father was a Marxist garment industry union organiser, and Lester developed his socialist ideology at a young age. He began his career as an actor but soon turned to screenwriting. His first work was ''If I Had a Million''. In 1933, he teamed with John Howard Lawson and Samuel Ornitz to establish the Screen Writers Guild, and in 1934 he joined the Communist Party (CPUSA). Cole incorporated left-leaning political commentary in many of his scripts. Between 1932 and 1947, Cole wrote more than forty screenplays that were made into motion pictures. Blacklisting In 1947, he became one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
