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History Of Hawaii (island)
The history of Hawaii began with the discovery and settlement of the Hawaiian Islands by Polynesians, Polynesian people between 940 and 1200 AD. The first recorded and sustained contact with Europeans occurred by chance when Kingdom of Great Britain, British explorer James Cook sighted the islands in January 1778 during his Third voyage of James Cook, third voyage of exploration. Aided by European military technology, Kamehameha I conquered and unified the islands for the first time, establishing the Hawaiian Kingdom, Kingdom of Hawaii in 1795. The kingdom became prosperous and important for its agriculture and strategic location in the Pacific. Americans, American immigration, led by Protestant Missionary, missionaries, and Native Hawaiian emigration, mostly on whaling ships but also in high numbers as indentured servants and as forced labor, began almost immediately after Cook's arrival. Americans established plantations to grow crops for export. Their farming methods require ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the Hawaii (island), island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly called the Sandwich Islands by Europeans, the present name for the archipelago is derived from the name of its largest island, Hawaii. The archipelago sits on the Pacific Plate. The islands are exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcano, volcanic activity over the Hawaiian hotspot. The islands are about from the nearest continent and are part of the Polynesia subregion of Oceania. The U.S. state of Hawaii occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (including the mostly uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), with the sole exception of Midway Atoll (a United States Minor Outlying Island). Hawaii is the only U.S. state that is sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arago – Iles Sandwich - Vue Du Morai Du Roi A Kayakakoua
Arago may refer to: People * Aragó, a family name of the kings of the Aragonese Crown * Étienne Arago (1802–1892), French journalist, theater director, and politician; brother of Juan, François, and Jacques * François Arago (1786–1853), French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician; brother of Juan, Jacques, and Étienne * Jacques Arago (1790–1855), French writer, artist and explorer; brother of Juan, François, and Étienne * Josep Riera i Aragó (born 1954), Catalan artist * Marie Arago (1755–1845), French mother of the six Arago brothers Places Earth *Aragó, the name for Aragon in Catalan * Arago, Oregon, United States, an unincorporated community * Arago Township, Minnesota, United States *Cape Arago, Cape Arago State Park, Oregon, United States *Arago Glacier, Graham Land, Antarctica *Arago cave, Tautavel, France, a site where prehistoric remains of Tautavel Man were discovered *Arago hotspot, a geological hotspot near the Arago seamount in the sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hawaiʻi
The Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi ( Hawaiian: ɛ ɐwˈpuni həˈvɐjʔi, was an archipelagic country from 1795 to 1893, which eventually encompassed all of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands. It was established in 1795 when Kamehameha I, then Aliʻi nui of Hawaii, conquered the islands of Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, and Lānaʻi, and unified them under one government. In 1810, the Hawaiian Islands were fully unified when the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau voluntarily joined the Hawaiian Kingdom. Two major dynastic families ruled the kingdom, the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kalākaua. The kingdom subsequently gained diplomatic recognition from European powers and the United States. An influx of European and American explorers, traders, and whalers soon began arriving to the kingdom, introducing diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, smallpox, and measles, leading to the rapid decline of the Native Hawaiian population. In 1887, King Kalākaua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapu (Hawaiian Culture)
''Kapu'' is the ancient Hawaiian code of conduct of laws and regulations. The ''kapu'' system was universal in lifestyle, gender roles, politics and religion. An offense that was ''kapu'' was often a capital offense, but also often denoted a threat to spiritual power, or theft of ''mana''. ''Kapus'' were strictly enforced. Breaking one, even unintentionally, often meant immediate death, ''Koʻo kapu''. It is related to the concept of '' tapu'' or ''tabu'' found in other Polynesian cultures, from whence came the English word "taboo." The Hawaiian word ''kapu'' is usually translated to English as "forbidden", though it also carries the meanings of "keep out", "no trespassing", "sacred", "consecrated", or "holy". The opposite of kapu is ''noa'', meaning "common" or "free". Kahili The ''Kahili'' were restrictions placed upon contact with chiefs (kings), but these also apply to all people of known spiritual power. ''Kapu Kū mamao'' means prohibited from a place of the chief, whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kahuna
Kahuna (; ) is a Hawaiian word that refers to an expert in any field. Historically, it has been used to refer to doctors, surgeons and dentists, as well as priests, ministers, and sorcerers. Background A may be versed in agriculture,Archived aGhostarchiveand thWayback Machine canoe building, or any other skill or knowledge area. They may be called on by the community to bless new buildings and construction projects or to officiate weddings. Forty types of are listed in the book ''Tales from the Night Rainbow'', twenty in the healing professions alone, including , a medical priest or practitioner, and , "an expert who diagnoses, as sickness or pain, by feeling the body". There are several categories of . A ''craft kahuna'', such as the is an expert canoe maker, and a is an expert navigator. A is a "medical doctor, medical practitioner, rhealer. ". (Page 114 in print document, p. 144 in electronic) ''Kahuna nui'' According to Fornander, there are ten colleges or b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliʻi
The aliʻi were the traditional nobility of the Hawaiian islands. They were part of a hereditary line of rulers, the ''noho aliʻi''. Cognates of the word ''aliʻi'' have a similar meaning in other Polynesian languages; in Māori it is pronounced " ariki" and in Tahitian ari'i. Background In ancient Hawaiian society, the ''aliʻi'' were hereditary nobles (a social class or caste). The ''aliʻi'' consisted of the higher and lesser chiefs of the various levels on the islands. The ''noho aliʻi'' were the ruling chiefs. The ''aliʻi'' were believed to be descended from the deities. There were eleven classes of ''aliʻi'', of both men and women. These included the '' kahuna'' (priestesses and priests, experts, craftsmen, and canoe makers) as part of four professions practiced by the nobility. Each island had its own aliʻi nui, who governed their individual systems. ''Aliʻi'' continued to play a role in the governance of the Hawaiian islands until 1893, when Queen Liliʻuoka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paʻao
Paʻao is a prominent figure in Hawaiian tradition, often regarded as a historical person whose story has been preserved and retold through oral narratives and chants. He is typically described as a ''kahuna nui'' (high priest) who arrived in Hawaiʻi from a distant land known as Kahiki. In Hawaiian language and tradition, Kahiki refers broadly to lands outside of Hawaiʻi, particularly the ancestral homelands of the Polynesians. Linguistically and culturally, the term is most closely associated with Tahiti and the Society Islands, part of Eastern Polynesia. In King Kalākaua's, ''Legends and Myths of Hawai‘i'', King Kalākaua speculated that some Tahitian chiefs—such as Paʻao and Pilikaʻaiea—''may'' have ultimately descended from Samoa. He noted the presence of a village called Upolu on Hawai‘i Island and suggested it could be named after the Samoan island of the same name, which he took as possible evidence of that connection. However, this theory was speculative and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahitians
The Tahitians (; ) are the Indigenous peoples of Oceania, Indigenous Polynesians, Polynesian people of Tahiti and thirteen other Society Islands in French Polynesia. The numbers may also include the modern population in these islands of mixed Polynesian and French ancestry (). Indigenous Tahitians are one of the largest Polynesian peoples, Polynesian ethnic groups, behind the Māori people, Māori, Samoans and Hawaiians. History Pre-European period and customs The first Polynesian settlers arrived in Tahiti around 400 AD by way of Samoans, Samoan navigators and settlers via the Cook Islands. Over the period of half a century there was much inter-island relations with trade, marriages and Polynesian navigation, Polynesian expansion with the Islands of Hawaii and through to Rapa Nui people, Rapanui. The original Tahitians cleared land for cultivation on the fertile volcanic soils and built fishing canoes. The tools of the Tahitians when first discovered were made of stone, bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genealogy
Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members. The results are often displayed in charts or written as narratives. The field of family history is broader than genealogy, and covers not just lineage but also family and community history and biography. The record of genealogical work may be presented as a "genealogy", a "family history", or a " family tree". In the narrow sense, a "genealogy" or a " family tree" traces the descendants of one person, whereas a "family history" traces the ancestors of one person, but the terms are often used interchangeably. A family history may include additional biographical information, family traditions, and the like. The pursuit of family history and origins tends to be shaped by several motives, including the des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiocarbon Dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for Chronological dating, determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of carbon-14, radiocarbon, a radioactive Isotopes of carbon, isotope of carbon. The method was developed in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago by Willard Libby. It is based on the fact that radiocarbon () is constantly being created in the Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen. The resulting combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and thereafter the amount of it contains begins to decrease as the undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the amount of in a sample from a dead plant or animal, such as a piece of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrick Vinton Kirch
Patrick Vinton Kirch is an American archaeologist and Professor EmeritusPatrick V. Kirch University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved February 28, 2019. of Integrative Biology and the Class of 1954 Professor of Anthropology at the . He is also the former Curator of Oceanic Archaeology in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, and director of that museum from 1999 to 2002. Currently, he is professor in the department of anthropology at the University of Hawai'i Manoa, and a member of the board of directors of the |
