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History Of Christianity In Poland
The history of Christianity in Poland started in the reign of Mieszko I of Poland, who was baptised in 966. Before conversion Gallus Anonymus recorded a story about "two strangers" who visited the home of Piast, the legendary forefather of the Polish royal family, after Prince Popiel had ill-received them. Piast was celebrating the first haircut of his son, Siemowit, and the two visitors blessed Siemowit and foretold his family's emergence. In Polish historiography, the two wanderers have been identified as Irish monks or Moravian missionaries, but nothing proves the validity of these theories. According to the ''Life of St Methodius'', Methodius suggested a chieftain of the Vistulansa Slavic tribe inhabiting the region along the upper courses of the river Vistulathat he should voluntarily receive baptism in his own land otherwise he would be baptized "as a prisoner in a foreign land".''The Life of Methodius'' (ch. 11.), p. 121. Historian A. P. Vlasto writes that the holy ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mieszko I Of Poland
Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was Duchy of Poland (966–1025), Duke of Poland from 960 until his death in 992 and the founder of the first unified History of Poland, Polish state, the Civitas Schinesghe. A member of the Piast dynasty, he was the first Christian ruler of Poland and continued the policies of both his father Siemomysł and his grandfather Lestek, who initiated a process of unification among the Polish tribes and the creation of statehood. According to existing sources, Mieszko I was a potent politician, a talented military leader and a charismatic ruler. Through both alliances and military force, he extended ongoing Polish conquests. Early in his reign, he subjugated Kuyavia and likely Gdańsk Pomerania and Masovia. For most of his reign, Mieszko I waged war for control of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Western Pomerania. He eventually annexed it to the vicinity of the lower Oder River. His internal reforms were aimed at expanding and improving the so-called war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saints Cyril And Methodius
Cyril (; born Constantine, 826–869) and Methodius (; born Michael, 815–885) were brothers, Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs". They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic. After their deaths, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavs. Both brothers are venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as saints with the title of " equal-to-apostles". In 1880, Pope Leo XIII introduced their feast into the calendar of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. In 1980, the first Slav pope, Pope John Paul II declared them co-patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia. Apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II, 31 December 1980 Early career Early life The two brothers were born in Thessalonica, at that time in the Byzantine province of the same name (today in Greece) – Cyril in 827 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thietmar Of Merseburg
Thietmar (also Dietmar or Dithmar; 25 July 9751 December 1018), Prince-Bishop of Merseburg from 1009 until his death in 1018, was an important chronicler recording the reigns of German kings and Holy Roman Emperors of the Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty. Two of Thietmar's great-grandfathers, both referred to as Liuthar, were the Saxon nobles Lothar II, Count of Stade, and Lothar I, Count of Walbeck. They were both killed fighting the Slavs at the Battle of Lenzen. Life Thietmar was a son of the Saxon count Siegfried I the Older of Walbeck (died 990) and his wife Kunigunde (died 997), daughter of Henry I the Bald, Count of Stade ( House of Udonids). His father fought with Margrave Odo against Duke Mieszko I of Poland at the 972 Battle of Cedynia. At the time of Thietmar's birth, his family sided with the Ottonian duke Henry II of Bavaria ("the Wrangler") in his uprising against his cousin Emperor Otto II. Later, a balance was achieved; Siegfried became burgrave at Möckern an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobrawa Of Bohemia
Doubravka of Bohemia, Dobrawa (, ; ca. 940/45 – 977) was a Bohemian princess of the Přemyslid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of the Polans. She was the daughter of Boleslaus I the Cruel, Duke of Bohemia, whose wife may have been the mysterious Biagota. According to earlier sources, Doubravka urged her husband Mieszko I of Poland to accept baptism in 966, the year after their marriage. Modern historians believe, however, that the change of religion by Mieszko was one of the points discussed in the Polish-Bohemian agreement concluded soon before his marriage with Doubravka. Her role in his conversion is not considered now to be as important as it is often represented in medieval chronicles. Early life Doubravka's date of birth is not known. The only indication is communicated by the chronicler Cosmas of Prague, who stated that the Bohemian princess at the time of her marriage with Mieszko I was ''an old woman''. The passage is regarded as tendentious and of little reliabili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przemysław Urbańczyk
Przemysław Urbańczyk (born 21 October 1951) is a Polish archaeologist who is Professor of Archaeology at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology at the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is the author of more than 600 publications, which include 20 scientific books, articles on the archaeology and history of medieval Europe and texts written for daily and weekly journals. In 2021, Urbańczyk was part of an expert group in Sweden consisting of ten archaeologists and historians who evaluated two highly controversial findings presented by archaeologist Sven Rosborn. These findings included the Curmsun Disc, an artifact claimed to originate from the alleged grave of Harald Bluetooth in the ruined church in the village of Wiejkowo, Gmina Wolin, Poland, and a transcription of a purported medieval manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podebłocie
Podebłocie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trojanów, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Trojanów, south of Garwolin, and south-east of Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at .... References Villages in Garwolin County {{Garwolin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistula
The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (''Biała Wisełka'') and the Black Little Vistula (''Czarna Wisełka''). It flows through Poland's largest cities, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (''Zalew Wiślany'') or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a river delta, delta of six main branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa). The river has many associations with culture of Poland, Polish culture, history and national identity. It is Poland's most important wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistulans
The Vistulans, or Vistulanians (), were an early medieval Lechitic tribe inhabiting the western part of modern Lesser Poland. Etymology Their name derives from the hydronym of the river Vistula, meaning "inhabitants of Vistula"; the region is mentioned as ''Uuislane'' by the Bavarian Geographer, ''v Vislè'' and ''v Vislèh'' in the ''Vita Methodii'', and ''Visleland'' by Alfred the Great in the 9th century. Identification Even though some historians, such as Przemysław Urbańczyk, claim that the Vistulans did not exist, there are three documents from the 9th century which can be tied to this tribe. First is the so-called ''Vita Methodii'' or ''Pannonian Legend'' (The Life of St. Methodius), second is the Bavarian Geographer, and third is Alfred the Great's ''Germania''. Scholars consider that the Vistulans could also have been mentioned in the Old English and Nordic epic poems. King Alfred's translation of Orosius contains a description of Europe which states ''be eastan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Moravia
Great Moravia (; , ''MeghálÄ« MoravÃa''; ; ; , ), or simply Moravia, was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to emerge in the area of Central Europe, possibly including territories which are today part of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Poland, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine and Slovenia. The formations preceding it in these territories were Samo's tribal union (631–658) and the Pannonian Avar state (567 – after 822). Its core territory is the region now called Moravia in the eastern part of the Czech Republic alongside the Morava River, which gave its name to the kingdom. The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language as well as the expansion of Christianity, first via missionaries from East Francia, and later after the arrival of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 863 and the creation of the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet dedicated to a Slavic language. Glagol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallus Anonymus
''Gallus Anonymus'', also known by his Polonized variant ''Gall '', is the name traditionally given to the anonymous author of (Deeds of the Princes of the Poles), composed in Latin between 1112 and 1118. ''Gallus'' is generally regarded as the first historian to have described the history of Poland. His ''Chronicles'' are an obligatory text for university courses in Polish history. Very little is known of the author himself and it is widely believed that he was a foreigner. Kromer The only source for ''Gallus real name is a note made by Prince-Bishop of Warmia Marcin Kromer (1512–89) in the margin of folio 119 of the "Heilsberg manuscript."Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer, eds., ''Gesta Principum Polonorum: The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles'', Budapest, 2003, pp. xxiv—v. It reads: ''Gallus hanc historiam scripsit, monachus, opinor, aliquis, ut ex proemiis coniicere licet qui Boleslai tertii tempore vixit'' (''Gallus'' wrote this history, some monk, in my opinion, who l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Monk
The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of expeditions in the 6th and 7th centuries by Gaelic missionaries originating from Ireland that spread Celtic Christianity in Scotland, Wales, England and Merovingian lands. Catholic Christianity spread first within Ireland. Since the 8th and 9th centuries, these early missions were called 'Celtic Christianity'. There is dispute over the relationship of the Hiberno-Scottish mission to Catholic Christianity. Catholic sources claim it functioned under the authority of the Holy See, while Protestant historians highlight conflicts between Celtic and Roman clergy. There is agreement that the mission was not strictly coordinated. As a whole, Celtic-speaking areas were part of Latin Christendom at a time when there was significant regional variation of liturgy and structure, but a general collective veneration of the Papacy was no less intense in Celtic-speaking areas. Etymology ''Hibernia'' is the Latin name for the island of Ireland. The L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siemowit
Siemowit (Polish pronunciation: •É›ËˆmÉ”vit also Ziemowit ‘ɛˈmÉ”vit was, according to the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus, the son of Piast the Wheelwright and Rzepicha. He is considered to be the first ruler of the Piast dynasty.K. JasiÅ„ski, Rodowód pierwszych Piastów, p. 47. He became the Duke of the Polans in the 9th century after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, son of ChoÅ›cisko, refused to take the place of legendary Duke Popiel. Siemowit was elected as new duke by the '' wiec''. According to a popular legend, Popiel was then eaten by mice in his tower on GopÅ‚o lake. The only mention of Siemowit, along with his son, Lestek, and grandson, SiemomysÅ‚, comes in the medieval chronicle of Gallus Anonymus. Siemowit's great-grandson, Mieszko I, was the first Christian ruler of Poland. References See also * Poland in the Early Middle Ages The most important phenomenon that took place within the lands of Poland in the Early Middle Ages, as well as other parts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
