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History Of Australia (1851–1900)
The History of Australia (1851–1900) refers to the history of the people of the Australian continent during the 50-year period which preceded the foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The gold rushes of the 1850s led to high immigration and a booming economy. Increasing prosperity and the growing number of free settlers and locally born people led to popular demands for the end of penal transportation and the introduction of colonial self-government. Transportation of convicts to the colonies was phased out from 1840 to 1868. In 1855 and 1856, Britain granted self-government to New South Wales, the new colony of Victoria, Van Diemen's Land (renamed Tasmania) and South Australia. Queensland became a separate self-governing colony in 1859 and Western Australia was granted self-government in 1890. The colonies introduced universal male suffrage from 1856 to 1900. Women won the vote in South Australia in 1895 and in Western Australia in 1899. Some colonies, howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller islands. It has a total area of , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania. Australia is the world's flattest and driest inhabited continent. It is a megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and Climate of Australia, climates including deserts of Australia, deserts in the Outback, interior and forests of Australia, tropical rainforests along the Eastern states of Australia, coast. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last glacial period. By the time of British settlement, Aboriginal Australians spoke 250 distinct l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooper Creek
The Cooper Creek (formerly Cooper's Creek) is a river in the Australian states of Queensland and South Australia. It was the site of the death of the explorers Burke and Wills in 1861. It is sometimes known as the Barcoo River from one of its tributaries and is one of three major Queensland river systems that flow into the Lake Eyre basin. The flow of the creek depends on monsoonal rains falling months earlier and many hundreds of kilometres away in eastern Queensland. It is in length. History Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the area for over 20,000 years, with over 25 tribal groups living in the Channel Country area alone. A vast trade network had been established running from north to south, with goods such as ochre sent north, while shells and pituri moved south. Birdsville was once a major meeting place for conducting ceremonies and trade. Charles Sturt named the river in 1845 after Charles Cooper, the Chief Justice of South Australia. It was along Cooper C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Farmers At Franklinford 1858
Aborigine, aborigine or aboriginal may refer to: *Aborigines (mythology), the oldest inhabitants of central Italy in Roman mythology * Indigenous peoples, general term for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area *One of several groups of indigenous peoples, see List of indigenous peoples, including: **Aboriginal Australians ("Aborigine" is an archaic term that is often considered offensive) **Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Aboriginal Canadians **Orang Asli or Malayan aborigines **Taiwanese indigenous peoples, formerly known as Taiwanese aborigines See also * * *'' ab-Original: Journal of Indigenous Studies and First Nations and First Peoples' Cultures'' *Australian Aboriginal identity *Australian Aboriginal English *Aboriginal English in Canada *First Nations (other) First nations are indigenous settlers or bands. First Nations, first nations, or first peoples may also refer to: Indigenous groups *List of Indigenous peoples *First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Forrest
Alexander Forrest CMG (22 September 1849 – 20 June 1901) was an explorer and surveyor of Western Australia, and later also a member of parliament. As a government surveyor, Forrest explored many areas of remote Western Australia, particularly the Kimberley region. Several of his expeditions were conducted alongside his brother, John Forrest, who became the first Premier of Western Australia. In later life, Forrest served in the unicameral Legislative Council from 1887 to 1890, representing the seat of Kimberley. Following the advent of responsible government, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly, representing the seat of West Kimberley from 1890 until his death. He was also mayor of Perth on two occasions, from 1892 to 1895 and from 1897 to 1900. Early life Forrest was born at Picton, near Bunbury in Western Australia, the fourth of nine sons of William and Margaret Forrest. He was educated at the government school in Bunbury under John Hislop, then completed hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Ayers
Sir Henry Ayers (now pron. "airs") (1 May 1821 – 11 June 1897) was the eighth Premier of South Australia, serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873. His lasting memorial was in the name Ayers Rock, now better-known as Uluru, which was named in 1873 by the explorer William Gosse. Overview Ayers was born at Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, the son of William Ayers, of the Portsmouth dockyard, and Elizabeth, née Breakes. Educated at the Beneficial Society's School (Portsea) he entered a law office in 1832. Less than a month after his marriage in 1840, he emigrated with his wife, Anne (née Potts), to South Australia, as a carpenter, with free passages. Until 1845, he worked as a law clerk, and was then appointed secretary of the South Australian Mining Association, which owned the copper mine at Burra Burra. Henry Roach was chief Captain, responsible for day-to-day operations, from 1847 to 1867. Within a year the mine employed over 1000 men. For ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Secretary Of South Australia
The Chief Secretary of South Australia (since 1856) or Colonial Secretary of South Australia (1836–1856) was a key role in the governance of the Colony of South Australia (1836–1900) and State of South Australia (from 1901) until it was abolished in 1989. It was the main executive and coordinating authority of government administration. It was the official channel of communication to the Governor of South Australia from government departments and the general public. The Premier's Department was created in 1965, and over time assumed the functions of the Chief Secretary's Office. List of Colonial and Chief Secretaries of South Australia References {{reflist See also * Chief Secretary - a generic description of the role in British colonies Government of South Australia South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-larges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uluru
Uluru (; ), also known as Ayers Rock ( ) and officially gazetted as UluruAyers Rock, is a large sandstone monolith. It outcrop, crops out near the centre of Australia in the southern part of the Northern Territory, south-west of Alice Springs. Uluru is sacred to the Pitjantjatjara, the Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal people of the area, known as the Aṉangu. The area around the formation is home to an abundance of springs, depression (geology), waterholes, rock caves and cave painting, ancient paintings. Uluru is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Uluru and Kata Tjuta (Also known as the Olgas) are the two major features of the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Uluru is one of Australia's most recognisable natural landmarks and has been a popular destination for tourists since the late 1930s. It is also one of the most important indigenous sites in Australia. Name The local Aṉangu, the Pitjantjatjara people, call the landmark ''Uluṟu'' (). This word is a pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Gosse (explorer)
William Christie Gosse (11 December 1842–12 August 1881) was an Australian explorer, remembered for his 1873 expedition to Central Australia, whose purpose was to explore the area south of Alice Springs and west of the Transcontinental Telegraph Line. He made useful additions to the discoveries of Ernest Giles. Biography Gosse was born on 11 December 1842 in Hoddesdon,"Gosse, William Christie (1842–1881)". ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Online Edition. Australian National University. 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2014. Hertfordshire, England and immigrated to Australia with his father William Gosse, a medical doctor, in 1850. He was educated at J. L. Young's Adelaide Educational Institution and in 1859 he entered the Government service of the colony of South Australia. He held various positions in the survey department, including Deputy Surveyor-General. Gosse left Alice Springs on 21 April 1873 with a party comprising Edwin S. Berry (another AEI boy) as second-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kings Canyon (Northern Territory)
Kings Canyon, also known as Watarrka, is a canyon in the Northern Territory of Australia located at the western end of the George Gill Range about southwest of Alice Springs and about south of Darwin, within the Watarrka National Park. History Luritja people have inhabited the area for at least 20,000 years. Ernest Giles was an early European explorer, who reached the canyon in 1872. Name Kings Creek runs along the bottom of the canyon, and gives it its name. The creek was named by Giles in 1872. He wrote in his book ''Geographic Travels in Central Australia from 1872 to 1874'': "I called King's Creek after Mr. Fielder King... an old and kind friend of mine". The Aboriginal (Luritja and Arrernte) name for the creek and canyon is "Watarrka" (pronounced what-ARR-kah), which is the Luritja word for the local umbrella bush (''Acacia ligulata'') that grows in the vicinity. The national park thus gets its name from this landform. Location, access, and description Kings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kata Tjuta
Kata Tjuṯa ( Pitjantjatjara: , lit. 'many heads'; ), also known as The Olgas and officially gazetted as Kata TjutaMount Olga, is a group of large, domed rock formations or bornhardts located about southwest of Alice Springs, in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia. Uluṟu / Ayers Rock, located to the east, and Kata Tjuṯa / The Olgas form the two major landmarks within the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. The park is considered sacred to the local Aboriginal community. The 36 domes that make up Kata Tjuṯa / Mount Olga cover an area of are composed of conglomerate, a sedimentary rock consisting of cobbles and boulders of varying rock types including granite and basalt, cemented by a matrix of coarse sandstone. The highest dome, Mount Olga, is above sea level, or approximately above the surrounding plain ( higher than Uluṟu). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Giles
William Ernest Powell Giles (20 July 1835 – 13 November 1897), best known as Ernest Giles, was an Australian explorer. He led five major expeditions to parts of South Australia and Western Australia. Early life Ernest Giles was born in Bristol, England, the eldest son of William Giles ( – 28 May 1860), a merchant, and Jane Elizabeth Giles, ''née'' Powell ( – 15 March 1879). Their family had been in comfortable circumstances but fell on hard times and emigrated to Australia. William Giles was living in North Adelaide by 1850 and Melbourne by 1853. William was later employed by Customs in Victoria, and his wife founded a successful school for girls in that colony. Giles was educated at Christ's Hospital school, Newgate, London. In 1850, at the age of 15, he emigrated to Australia, joining his parents in Adelaide. In 1852 Giles went to the Victorian goldfields, then became a clerk at the Post Office in Melbourne, and later at the County Court. Soon tiring of town life Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nullarbor Plain
The Nullarbor Plain ( ; Latin: feminine of 'no' and 'tree') is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to its north. It is the world's largest single exposure of limestone bedrock, and occupies an area of about . At its widest point, it stretches about from east to west across the border between South Australia and Western Australia. History Historically, the Nullarbor was seasonally occupied by Indigenous Australian people, the Mirning clans and Yinyila people. Traditionally, the area was called ''Oondiri'', which is said to mean 'the waterless'. The first Europeans known to have sighted and mapped the Nullarbor coast were Captain François Thijssen and Councillor of the Indies, Pieter Nuyts, on the Dutch East Indiaman '''t Gulden Zeepaert (ship, 1626), 't Gulden Zeepaert'' (the Golden Seahorse). In 1626–1627, they charted a stretch of the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
