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Hezbollah
Hezbollah ( ; , , ) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. Its armed strength was assessed to be equivalent to that of a medium-sized army in 2016. Hezbollah was founded in 1982 by Lebanese clerics in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Inspired by the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's model of Islamic governance, Hezbollah established strong ties with Iran. The group was initially supported by 1,500 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) instructors, who helped unify various Lebanese Shia factions under Hezbollah's leadership. Hezbollah's 1985 manifesto outlined its key objectives, which include expelling Western influence from the region, destroying Israel, pledging allegiance to Iran's supreme leader, and establishing an Islamic government influenced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Nasrallah
Hassan Nasrallah (, ; 31 August 196027 September 2024) was a Lebanese cleric and politician who served as the third secretary-general of Hezbollah, a Shia Islamist political party and militia, from 1992 until his assassination in 2024. Born into a Shia family in the suburbs of Beirut in 1960, Nasrallah finished his education in Tyre, when he briefly joined the Amal Movement, and afterward at a Shia seminary in Baalbek. He later studied and taught at an Amal school. In 1982, Nasrallah served as a founding member of Hezbollah, which was formed to fight the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, declaring that its confrontation with Israel "should only end when it has been removed from existence",. After a brief period of religious studies in Iran, Nasrallah returned to Lebanon and became Hezbollah's leader after his predecessor, Abbas al-Musawi, was assassinated by an Israeli airstrike in 1992. Under Nasrallah's leadership, Hezbollah acquired rockets with a longer range, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loyalty To The Resistance Bloc
The Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc () is the political wing of Hezbollah in the Parliament of Lebanon. Along with Amal, it dominates the March 8 Alliance and has held two seats in the Lebanese cabinet since 2012. The party is currently led by Hezbollah member and prominent Shi'a politician Mohammad Raad Mohammad Raad (; born 22 August 1955) is a Lebanon, Lebanese politician of the Lebanese Shia Muslims, Lebanese Shia Shia Islamism, Islamist political party and militia Hezbollah, who serves as member of parliament representing the Nabatiyeh Dist .... Historical membership Affiliated MPs 2009 election The Bloc won 13 of the 128 seats in the 2009 general election: 2018 election The Bloc won 12 of the 128 seats in the 2018 general election: 2022 election References {{reflist Hezbollah Politics of Lebanon Islamic political parties in Lebanon March 8 Alliance Shia organizations Parliamentary blocs of Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subhi Al-Tufayli
Subhi al-Tufayli (; born 1947) is a Lebanese senior Shi'ite cleric and politician who helped found Hezbollah in 1982 and served as its first Secretary-General of Hezbollah, secretary-general from 1989 until 1991. From a comparatively young age, Tufayli achieved a popular following amongst Lebanese Shia, the Lebanese Shi'ite community, who viewed him as the most learned Shi'ite Marja', scholar in the Beqaa Valley. Al-Tufayli is a Shia Islamist, but is a very vocal critic of Iran and the current Hezbollah leadership. Tufayli's split with Hezbollah arose during the 1990s after the death of co-founder Abbas al-Musawi, Abbas al-Mousawi, when the faction of Hassan Nasrallah favoured by Iran began to emerge dominant. The main dispute was over Tufayli's insistence on shunning Lebanese politics and instead focus on fighting armed insurgency against Israel, which the Nasrallah faction downplayed. After violent confrontations between Tufayli's followers and Hezbollah members, he was expelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jihad Council
The Jihad Council of Hezbollah is a council responsible for directing the groups' military and security activities. It also exercises considerable influence over the organization's various civilian branches and maintains ties with external partners, including Iran, a key patron of the group. Established in 1995, the council operates under the direct supervision of Hezbollah's Secretary-General and is subordinate to Hezbollah's Shura Council. The Jihad Council is involved in activities against Israel, including Unit 133, which conducts operations within Israeli territory and the Palestinian Authority, recruiting Palestinians living in Lebanon for military missions and gathering intelligence across Eastern Europe to carry out activities against Israeli targets. The council's involvement underscores its strategic role in Hezbollah's activities against Israel and in the broader regional context. History The Hezbollah Jihad Council was established at the conclusion of Hezbollah's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naim Qassem
Naim Mohammad Qassem (born February 1953) is a Lebanese Shia cleric and politician who became Hezbollah’s secretary-general on 29 October 2024, the fourth person to hold the position. He participated in the founding of Hezbollah in 1982, and previously served as the first deputy secretary-general from 1991 to 2024. Born in Kfar Kila, Qassem received a master's degree in chemistry from the Lebanese University in 1977. He worked as a chemistry teacher, before joining Amal, a political movement led by Musa al-Sadr. He studied theology under Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah. Following the Iranian Revolution, he helped found Hezbollah. In 1991, he was appointed as deputy secretary-general under secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi, a role he retained under Al-Musawi's successor, Hassan Nasrallah. He led the party's electoral campaigns, and held a leading intellectual and ideological role. Following the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah in September 2024, he was appointed acting se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Resistance Brigades
The Lebanese Resistance Companies (Arabic: سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية; ''Saraya al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniya)'', commonly referred to as the Lebanese Resistance Brigades is a non-denominational Lebanese paramilitary group affiliated with Hezbollah. The group is an irregular militia that is composed of Shia and Sunni Muslims, Christians, and Druze who subscribe to Lebanese nationalism and strong anti-Zionist beliefs. The Resistance Companies are funded, trained, armed, and founded by Hezbollah. The group's manpower, composition, and strength are unclear. The group was founded in 1997 to counter Israel, but its focus has since expanded to countering Sunni extremists like ISIL as well. Founding The Resistance Companies were founded to increase the manpower of anti-Israeli forces in Lebanon and to deny Israel freedom of movement in non-Shia areas. West Point's Combating Terrorism Center reports that the Resistance Companies were founded in November 1997, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Al-Musawi
Abbas al-Musawi ( ; ; 26 October 1952 – 16 February 1992) was a Lebanese Shia cleric who served as the second secretary-general of Hezbollah from 1991 until Assassination of Abbas al-Musawi, his assassination by Israel in 1992. Early life and education Al-Musawi was born into a Shia Islam in Lebanon, Shia family in the village of Al-Nabi Shayth in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon on 26 October 1952. He spent eight years studying theology in a religious school in Najaf, Iraq, where he was deeply influenced by the views of Iranian religious leader Ruhollah Khomeini. Al-Musawi was a student, at the ''hawza'' in Najaf, of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, an influential Shi'a cleric, philosopher, political leader, and founder of the Islamic Dawa Party, Da'wa Party of Iraq. Activities Al-Musawi returned to Lebanon in 1978. Along with Subhi al-Tufayli he spearheaded the formation of Hezbollah movement in the Beqaa Valley in 1982, one of the three major areas of Shia population in Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary-General Of Hezbollah
The secretary-general of Hezbollah () is the highest position within Hezbollah, a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. The current holder of the position is Naim Qassem, who was appointed on 29 October 2024, a month after the assassination of his predecessor, Hassan Nasrallah, whom Qassem served as deputy secretary-general under. List of officeholders Timeline See also * Jihad Council * List of leaders of Hamas * Axis of Resistance The Axis of Resistance is an informal coalition of Iranian-supported militant and political organizations across the Middle East. Formed by Iran, it unites actors committed to countering the influence of the United States and Israel in the regio ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Secretary-General Of Hezbollah Anti-Israeli sentiment in Lebanon Hezbollah Secretaries-general of Hezbollah 1989 establishments in Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khomeinism
Khomeinism, also transliterated Khumaynism, refers to the religious and political ideas and practices connected with the leader of the 1979 Iranian Islamic RevolutionRuhollah Khomeini. While primarily referring to the ideas and practices of Khomeini himself, Khomeinism may also refer to the ideology of the clerical class which has ruled the Islamic Republic of Iran founded by Khomeini, following his death, and to the "radicalization" of segments of the Twelver Shia populations of Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and to the Iranian government's "recruitment" of Shia minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Africa. The words Khomeinist and Khomeinists, derived from Khomeinism, can also be used to describe members of Iran's clerical rulers as opposed to "regular" (non- Wilayat ul-Faqih supporting) Shia Muslim clerics. Under Khomeini's leadership, Iran replaced its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Khomeini brought about a major paradigm shift in Shia Islam. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deputy Secretary-General Of Hezbollah
The Deputy Secretary-general of Hezbollah (, romanised: ''Nayib al'amin aleamu Lihizb Allah'') is the second highest position within the Lebanon's Hezbollah, after the secretary-general Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org .... The position has been vacant since 29 October 2024. List of officeholders , colspan="8", ''Vacant'' (since 29 October 2024) References {{Reflist Hezbollah 1991 establishments in Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a debated concept. Some scholars and journalists define it as pre-existing fixed communal categories in society, and use it to explain political, cultural, or Religious violence, religious conflicts between groups. Others conceive of sectarianism as a set of social practices where daily life is organized on the basis of communal norms and rules that individuals strategically use and transcend. This definition highlights the co-constitutive aspect of sectarianism and people's agency, as opposed to understanding sectarianism as being fixed and incompatible communal boundaries. While sectarianism is often labelled as religious or political, the reality of a sectarian situation is usually much more complex. In its most basic form, sectarianism has been defined as, 'the existence, within a locality, of two or more divided and actively competing communal identities, resulting in a strong sense of dualism which unremittingly transcends commonality, and is both culturally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia Islamism
Shia Islamism is the implementation of Shia Islam in politics. Most study and reporting on Islamism has been focused on Sunni Islamist movements. Shia Islamism, a previously very small ideology, gained in popularity after the Iranian Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, whose Shia Islamist policies became known as Khomeinism. Roy, ''Failure of Political Islam'', 1994: p. 2 Roy, ''Failure of Political Islam'', 1994: p. 168 However, there are also Shia Islamist movements outside of Khomeinism, such as the Islamic Dawa Party of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and the Sadrist Movement of Muqtada al-Sadr. Though a minority of the world Muslim community, Twelver Shias form the majority of the population in the countries of Iran, Iraq, and Azerbaijan, and substantial minorities in Afghanistan, Bahrain, India, Lebanon, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Islamism in general has been defined as a religious revivalist movement for a return to the original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
