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Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different gill"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises two groups: the opisthobranchs, and the pulmonates. Diversity The two subdivisions of this large clade are quite diverse: * Opisthobranchia are virtually all marine species, some shelled and some not, and comprise about 25 families and 2000 species of the bubble shells, the seaslugs, as well as the sea hares. The internal organs of the opisthobranchs have undergone detorsion (unwinding of the viscera that were twisted during torsion). * The Pulmonata comprises about 20000 species, includes the majority of land snails and slugs, many freshwater snails, and a small number of marine species. The mantle cavity of the Pulmonata is modified into an air-breathing organ. They are also characterized by detorsion a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Heterobranchia
Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks within the Subclass (biology), subclass Heterobranchia.WoRMS (2020). "Lower Heterobranchia". Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1054700 on 2020-05-16 Although the great majority of Lower Heterobranchs are indeed marine, a few have succeeded in making the transition to freshwater. Description The Gastropod shell, shell shapes in this group are typically those that are seen in the sundial, pyramid, rissoella and orbitestellid families of snails. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy In the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, the Lower Heterobranchia is an Informal Group. Superfamilies within the Lower Heterobranchia include: *Unassigned to a superfamily (orbitestellid-shells) ** Family Cimidae ** † Family D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and from the land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slug, slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Furongian, Late Cambrian. , 721 family (taxonomy), families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently neontology, extant living fossil, with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalaspidea
The order Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a major taxon of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia. Bubble shells is another common name for these families of marine gastropods, some of which have thin bubble-like shells. This clade contains more than 600 species. Members of this worldwide clade used to be considered the most ancestral of the opisthobranchs, but now they are considered as derived and specialized members of the Euthyneura Spengel, 1881. Headshield slugs are the most morphologically diverse group of all the opisthobranchs. Anatomy The vast majority possess a shell, although it may be reduced or internal. They have a well-developed headshield, a characteristic broadening at the head, which is used to plow beneath the surface of the sand. This headshield prevents the sand entering the mantle cavity. There is a muscular foot with or without parapodia (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthobranchia
Opisthobranchs () is a now informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisthobranchia is a taxon containing a revised collection of opisthobranchs, and that taxon is considered monophyletic. Euopisthobranchia does not include some "traditional" opisthobranchs such as the Sacoglossa and the Acochlidiacea. The subclass Heterobranchia now contains all the species which used to be assigned to Opisthobranchia, plus all the species in the Pulmonata. The subclass Opisthobranchia included species in the order Cephalaspidea (bubble shells and headshield slugs), the sacoglossans, anaspidean sea hares, pelagic sea angels, sea butterflies, and many families of the Nudibranchia. ''Opisthobranch'' means "gills behind" (and to the right) of the heart. In contrast, ''Prosobranch'' means ''gills in front'' (of the hear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murchisonelloidea
Murchisonelloidea is an unassigned superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Heterobranchia.Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Murchisonelloidea Casey, 1904. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=578926 on 2015-04-14 Families * Murchisonellidae Murchisonellidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Murchisonelloidea.Bouchet, P. (2015). Murchisonellidae Casey, 1904. Accessed th ... Casey, 1904 * Rhodopidae Ihering, 1876 ;Families brought into synonymy: * Ebalidae Warén, 1995 accepted as the subfamily Ebalinae Warén, 1995 References * Warén A. (2013) ''Murchisonellidae: who are they, where are they and what are they doing? (Gastropoda, lowermost Heterobranchia).'' Vita Malacologica 11: 1-14 Heterobranchia Prehi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architectonicoidea
Architectonicoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1–2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. . . 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278 This superfamily contains the extant family Architectonicidae Architectonicidae, common name the staircase shells or sundials, are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia (= Allogastropoda) of the clade Heterobranchia. The extinct families † Amphit ... and also contains the extinct families Amphitomariidae and Cassianaxidae. References Lower Heterobranchia Taxa named by John Edward Gray Gastropod superfamilies {{Heterobranchia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonata
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orbitestelloidea
Orbitestelloidea are a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the infraclass Lower Heterobranchia.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orbitestelloidea Iredale, 1917. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1054702 on 2021-07-04 Families * Orbitestellidae Orbitestellidae are a family (biology), family of minuscule sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the infraclassis Lower Heterobranchia. Genera Genera within the family Orbitestellidae include: * ''Absonus'' R ... Iredale, 1917 * Xylodisculidae Warén, 1992 ;Synonyms: * Microdisculidae Iredale & McMichael, 1962: synonym of Orbitestellidae Iredale, 1917 (unavailable name: no diagnosis) References * Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valvatoidea
Valvatoidea is a superfamily of minute freshwater and marine snails, aquatic gastropod mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...s in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Valvatoidea Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153657 on 2020-09-23 Taxonomy *Family Valvatidae *Family Cornirostridae *Family Hyalogyrinidae * † Family Provalvatidae References Lower Heterobranchia Taxa named by John Edward Gray {{heterobranchia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathildoidea
Mathildoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mathildoidea Dall, 1889. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411861 on 2021-06-25 Families Families within the superfamily Mathildoidea include: *Family Mathildidae Mathildidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Mathildoidea of the informal group of the Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Mathildidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ... * † Family Ampezzanildidae * † Family Anoptychiidae * † Family Gordenellidae * Family Tofanellidae * † Family Trachoecidae References * Jensen, R. H. (1997). A Checklist and Bibliography of the Marine Molluscs of Bermuda. Unp., 547 pp * Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omalogyroidea
Omalogyroidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks within the Subclass (biology), subclass Heterobranchia.WoRMS (20 ....MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Omalogyroidea G.O. Sars, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411864 on 2020-05-15 Families There are two families within the superfamily Omalogyroidea; one of them is composed entirely of extinct species: *Family Omalogyridae * † Family Stuoraxidae References Lower Heterobranchia {{heterobranchia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled gastropod shell, shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called ''slugs'', and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are often called ''semi-slugs''. Snails have considerable human relevance, including Snails as food, as food items, as pests, and as vectors of disease, and their shells are used as decorative objects and are incorporated into jewellery. The snail has also had some cultural significance, tending t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
