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Gobiinae
True gobies were a subfamily, the Gobiinae, of the goby family Gobiidae, although the 5th edition of the ''Fishes of the World'' does not subdivide the Gobiidae into subfamilies. They are found in all oceans and a few rivers and lakes, but most live in warm waters. Altogether, the Gobiinae unite about 1149 described species in 160 genera, and new ones are still being discovered in numbers. Description and ecology They are usually mid-sized to small ray-finned fishes; some are very colorful, while others are cryptic. Most true gobies are less than 10 cm (4 in) long when fully grown. The largest species '' Glossogobius giuris'' can reach up to 50 cm (20 in); the smallest known species as of 2010, '' Trimmatom nanus'', is just about 1 cm in length when fully grown, making it one of the smallest vertebrates. In many true gobies, the pelvic fins have grown together into a suction cup they can use to hold on to substrate. Most have two dorsal fins, the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobiidae
Gobiidae or gobies is a family (biology), family of bony fish in the order (biology), order Gobiiformes, one of the largest fish families comprising over 2,000 species in more than 200 genus, genera. Most of gobiid fish are relatively small, typically less than in length, and the family includes some of the smallest vertebrates in the world, such as ''Trimmatom nanus'' and ''Pandaka pygmaea''. ''Trimmatom nanus'' are under long when fully grown, while the ''Pandaka pygmaea'' standard length is , with a maximum known standard length of . Some large gobies can reach over in length, but that is exceptional. Generally, they are benthic fish, benthic or bottom-dwellers. Although few are important as food fish for humans, they are of great significance as prey species for other commercially important fish such as cod, haddock, barramundi, sea bass and flatfish. Several gobiids are also of interest as aquarium fish, such as the dartfish of the genus ''Ptereleotris''. Phylogenetic rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomatoschistus
''Pomatoschistus'' is a genus of gobies native to fresh, brackish and marine waters of Europe, the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus: * ''Pomatoschistus anatoliae'' Engin & Innal, 2017 Abstract * ''Pomatoschistus bathi'' Peter J. Miller, P. J. Miller, 1982 (Bath's goby) * ''Pomatoschistus canestrinii'' (Alessandro Pericle Ninni, A. P. Ninni, 1883) (Canestrini's goby) * ''Pomatoschistus knerii'' (Franz Steindachner, Steindachner, 1861) (Kner's goby) * ''Pomatoschistus lozanoi'' (Don Fernando de Buen y Lozano, F. de Buen, 1923) (Lozano's goby) * ''Pomatoschistus marmoratus'' (Antoine Risso, A. Risso, 1810) (Marbled goby) * ''Pomatoschistus microps'' (Henrik Nikolai Krøyer, Krøyer, 1838) (Common goby) * ''Pomatoschistus minutus'' (Peter Simon Pallas, Pallas, 1770) (Sand goby) * ''Pomatoschistus montenegrensis'' Peter J. Miller, P. J. Miller & Radek Šanda, Šanda, 2008 * ''Pomatoschistus nanus'' Engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padogobius
''Padogobius'' is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies. They are native to fresh waters of southern Europe. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Padogobius bonelli'' ( Bonaparte, 1846) (Padanian goby) * '' Padogobius nigricans'' ( Canestrini, 1867) (Arno goby) Mating system Male - male competition As with many other Gobiidae species, ''Padogobius'' males establish small territories around their nesting sites in freshwater streams and rivers of Northern Italy. In ''P. martensi'', both male and female are highly aggressive in defending a hollow beneath a stone. During the breeding season between May and July, these males become exceptionally competitive as they try to acquire larger stones which will have a larger egg-laying surface. Due to the fact that this will influence their breeding success, there is competition between males for this resource that is in limited supply and in high demand. Only larger and more aggressive mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimmatom Nanus
''Trimmatom nanus'', the midget dwarfgoby, is a species of marine goby native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It can mainly be found on oceanic drop-offs at depths of from though it can occasionally be found in outer reef areas and lagoons at depths of from . This species can reach a length of SL. ''T. nanus'' was until 2004 the smallest known fish and vertebrate. The recent discovery of ''Schindleria brevipinguis'' (called the stout infantfish) relegated it to second place. Later, the discovery of ''Paedocypris progenetica'' dropped ''T. nanus'' to third place. The record for the smallest known vertebrate being held by the frog ''Paedophryne amauensis ''Paedophryne amauensis'', also known as the New Guinea Amau frog, is a species of microhylid frog endemic to eastern Papua New Guinea. At in snout-to-vent length, it was once considered the world's smallest known vertebrate. (See also Ecolo ...'', formally described in January 2012. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didogobius Schlieweni
''Didogobius schlieweni'' is a species of goby native to the Adriatic Sea. The Specific name (zoology), specific name honours the Germany, German Ichthyology, ichthyologist Ulrich Schliewen of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München in Munich, the collector of the Type (biology), type and who suggested that the species be given the common name Andromeda Goby referring to the "nebula-like pattern of light and dark markings". References Didogobius, schlieweni Fish of Europe Fish of the Adriatic Sea Fish described in 1993 {{gobiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fin Ray
Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only by muscles. Fish fins are distinctive anatomical features with varying structures among different clades: in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), fins are mainly composed of bony spines or rays covered by a thin stretch of scaleless skin; in lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) such as coelacanths and lungfish, fins are short rays based around a muscular central bud supported by jointed bones; in cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and jawless fish (Agnatha), fins are fleshy " flippers" supported by a cartilaginous skeleton. Fins at different locations of the fish body serve different purposes, and are divided into two groups: the midsagittal ''unpaired fins'' and the more laterally located ''paired fins''. Unpaired fins are predominantly ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelagic
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word ''pelagic'' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the surface of the sea and the bottom. Conditions in the water column change with depth: pressure increases; temperature and light decrease; salinity, oxygen, micronutrients (such as iron, magnesium and calcium) all change. In a manner analogous to stratification in the Earth's atmosphere, the water column can be divided vertically into up to five different layers (illustrated in the diagram), with the number of layers depending on the depth of the water. Marine life is affected by bathymetry (underwater topography) such as the seafloor, shoreline, or a submarine seamount, as well as by proximity to the boundary between the ocean and the atmosphere at the ocean surface, which brings light for photosynthesis, predation from above, and wind st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocean Current
An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. Depth contours, shoreline configurations, and interactions with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. Ocean currents move both horizontally, on scales that can span entire oceans, as well as vertically, with vertical currents (upwelling and downwelling) playing an important role in the movement of nutrients and gases, such as carbon dioxide, between the surface and the deep ocean. Ocean currents flow for great distances and together they create the global conveyor belt, which plays a dominant role in determining the climate of many of Earth's regions. More specifically, ocean currents influence the temperature of the regions through which they travel. For example, warm currents traveling along more temperate coasts increase the temper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spawn (biology)
Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals. As a verb, ''to spawn'' refers to the process of freely releasing eggs and sperm into a body of water (fresh or marine); the physical act is known as spawning. The vast majority of aquatic and amphibious animals reproduce through spawning. These include the following groups: * Bony fishes * Crustaceans (such as crabs, shrimps, etc.) *Mollusks (such as oysters, octopus, squid) *Echinoderms (such as sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers, etc.) * Amphibians (such as frogs, toads, salamanders, newts) * Aquatic insects (such as dragonflies, mayflies, mosquitoes) *Coral, which are living colonies of tiny, aquatic organisms—not plants, as they are sometimes perceived to be. Corals, while appearing sedentary or botanical by nature, actually spawn by releasing clouds of sperm and egg cells into the water column, where the two mix. As a general rule, aquatic or semiaquatic reptiles, birds, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benthic
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "the depths". Organisms living in this zone are called benthos and include microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) as well as larger invertebrates, such as crustaceans and polychaetes. Organisms here, known as bottom dwellers, generally live in close relationship with the substrate and many are permanently attached to the bottom. The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water, is an integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud. Description Oceans The benthic region of the ocean begins at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresh Water
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salt (chemistry), salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mineral water, mineral-rich waters, such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen water, frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/ice pellets, sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranea (geography), subterranean subterranean river, rivers and underground lake, lakes. Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of vascular plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackish
Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root '' brak''. Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farming. Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process. Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it can be damaging to the environment (see article on shrimp farms). Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre—more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (‰), which is a spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
