German Monarchs
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (''Regnum Teutonicum''), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918. Note on titles #The Kingdom of Germany started out as the eastern section of the Frankish kingdom, which was split by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. The rulers of the eastern area thus called themselves ''rex'' ''Francorum'' ("king of the Franks"), ''rex Francorum orientalium'' ("king of the East Franks"), and later just ''rex''. A reference to the "Germans", indicating the emergence of a German nation of some sort, did not appear until the eleventh century, when the pope referred to his enemy Henry IV as ''rex teutonicorum'', king of the Germans, in order to brand him as a foreigner. The kings reacted by consistently using the title ''rex Romanorum'', king of the Romans, to emphasize their universal rule even before becoming e ...
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HRR 10Jh
HRR may refer to: * Haploid-relative-risk, a method for determining gene allele association to a disease * Harrington railway station, in England * Henley Royal Regatta * Healy River Airport, in Alaska, United States * Heart rate reserve *Homologous recombination repair, a major DNA repair pathway that mainly acts on double-strand breaks and interstrand crosslinks * Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem * ''Historicorum Romanorum reliquiae'', a collection of ancient fragmentary Latin history-works * '' The History of Rock and Roll'', a radio documentary * Holy Roman Empire (German: ') * Hondo Railway, an American railway * Horuru language Yalahatan, or Awaiya, is an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language spoken on Seram Island (Indonesia) in two villages, Yalahatan and Haruru. References Central Maluku languages Languages of Indonesia Seram Island {{au-lang-stub ...

Coronation Of The Holy Roman Emperor
The Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor was a ceremony in which the ruler of Western Europe's then-largest political entity received the Imperial Regalia from the hands of the Pope, symbolizing both the pope's right to crown Christian sovereigns and also the emperor's role as protector of the Roman Catholic Church. The Holy Roman Empresses were crowned as well. The Holy Roman Empire was established in the year 800 under Charlemagne. Later emperors were crowned by the pope or other Catholic bishops. Charles V became the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by a pope: Clement VII in Bologna in 1530. Thereafter, until the abolition of the empire in 1806, no further crownings by the Pope were held.See also Guy Stair SaintyThe Holy Roman Empire: Introduction. From thAlmanach de la Courwebsite. Retrieved on 14 September 2008. Later rulers simply proclaimed themselves ''Imperator Electus Romanorum'' or "Elected Emperor of the Romans" after their election by the princes and coronat ...
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Duchy Of Bavaria
The Duchy of Bavaria ( German: ''Herzogtum Bayern'') was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by Bavarian tribes and ruled by dukes (''duces'') under Frankish overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. It became one of the stem duchies of the East Frankish realm which evolved as the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. During internal struggles of the ruling Ottonian dynasty, the Bavarian territory was considerably diminished by the separation of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976. Between 1070 and 1180 the Holy Roman Emperors were again strongly opposed by Bavaria, especially by the ducal House of Welf. In the final conflict between the Welf and Hohenstaufen dynasties, Duke Henry the Lion was banned and deprived of his Bavarian and Saxon fiefs by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. ...
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