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Gekiga
is a style of Japanese comics aimed at adult audiences and marked by a more cinematic art style and more mature themes. ''Gekiga'' was the predominant style of adult comics in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. It is aesthetically defined by sharp angles, hatching, and gritty lines, and thematically by realism, social engagement, maturity, and masculinity. History In the 1950s, mainstream Japanese comics ( manga) came from Tokyo and were aimed at children, led by the work of Osamu Tezuka. Before Tezuka moved to Tokyo, he lived in Osaka and mentored artists such as Yoshihiro Tatsumi and Masahiko Matsumoto who admired him. Although influenced by Tezuka's adaptation of cinema techniques, they were not interested in making humoristic comics for children in Tezuka's Disney-esque style. They wanted to write consistently dramatic stories with aesthetics influenced by film noir and crime novels. ''Gekiga'' were more graphic and showed more violence than the children's manga that came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yoshihiro Tatsumi
was a Japanese manga artist whose work was first published in his teens, and continued through the rest of his life. He is widely credited with starting the gekiga style of alternative manga in Japan, having allegedly coined the term in 1957. His work frequently illustrated the darker elements of life. Biography Childhood and early work Tatsumi grew up in Osaka, near a U.S. military base called Itami Airfield. As a child, with his old brother Okimasa, Tatsumi contributed amateur four-panel manga to magazines that featured readers' work, winning several times. After corresponding with like-minded children, Tatsumi helped form the Children's Manga Association. This led to a round-table discussion for the grade school edition of ''Mainichi Shimbun'' with pioneering manga artist Osamu Tezuka. Tatsumi formed a relationship with Tezuka, who encouraged him to try making longer stories. Another well-known manga artist, , also gave Tatsumi feedback and advice. Ōshiro later asked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masahiko Matsumoto
was a Japanese manga artist. He is considered a pioneer of alternative manga through his incorporation of cinematic techniques into manga from the mid-1950s onward. His style known as '' komaga'', together with the manga of Yoshihiro Tatsumi and Takao Saito, was the catalyst of the ''gekiga'' movement. Life Childhood and career start Matsumoto was born in 1934 in Osaka, Japan. Growing up, his father, who died in 1943, forbid him to read manga. In 1945, during the end of World War II, his family fled to Kobe. After the war, he subscribed to the magazine '' Shōnen Club'' and was interested in its illustrations, prose, and science sections. He began drawing during middle school and won a prize for an oil painting in 1949. During this time, he also gained an interest in manga by discovering the works of Osamu Tezuka. He rented titles such as '' Nextworld'' from rental libraries. In 1951, Matsumoto visited Tezuka at his home in Takarazuka to get his autograph. Afterwards, he decid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manga
are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside of Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages and walks of life read manga. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action, adventure, business and commerce, comedy, detective, drama, historical, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction and fantasy, erotica ( and ), sports and games, and suspense, among others. Many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become an increasingly major part of the Japanese publishing industry. By 1995, the manga market in Japan was valued at (), with annual sales of 1.9billion manga books and manga magazines (also known as manga anthologies) in Japan (equivale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takao Saito
was a Japanese manga artist, although he rejected the term and considered his work gekiga. He was best known for '' Golgo 13'', which has been serialized in '' Big Comic'' since 1968, making it the oldest manga still in publication. ''Golgo 13'' holds the Guinness World Record for "Most volumes published for a single manga series" and, in accordance with Saito's wishes, it continues to be serialized following his death from pancreatic cancer in September 2021. Saito won several awards in his 66-year career, including the Shogakukan Manga Award twice, and received the Medal with Purple Ribbon and Order of the Rising Sun from the Japanese government for his contributions to the arts. Early life and career Born in Nishiwasa city (now Wakayama city), Saito's family moved to Osaka soon after and opened a barbershop. He did not know he was born in Nishiwasa until he was 43 years old. After his father left the family to become a photographer, his mother raised Saito and his four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanpei Shirato
, known by the pen name , was a Japanese manga artist and essayist known for his social criticism as well as the realism of his drawing style and the characters in his scenarios. He is considered a pioneer of the controversial ''gekiga'' genre of adult-oriented manga. The son of the Japanese proletarian painter Toki Okamoto, his dream to become an artist equal with his father started when he became a ''kamishibai'' artist. He is also known for his work published in the early issues of the manga anthology magazine ''Garo'' in 1964, which he began publishing so as to serialize his comic '' Kamui''. Life Early life Shirato was born in Tokyo, Japan, to painter Tōki Okamoto. In Shirato's childhood, his father was active in the proletarian culture movement and contributed, among others, to the satirical magazine ''Tokyo Puck''. During World War II, his father faced prosecution due to his leftist beliefs. He saw the tortured corpse of proletarian leader Takiji Kobayashi in 1933 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osamu Tezuka
Osamu Tezuka (, born , ''Tezuka Osamu'', – 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist and animator. Considered to be among the greatest and most influential cartoonists of all time, his prolific output, pioneering techniques and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as , and . Additionally, he is often considered the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as a major inspiration during Tezuka's formative years. Though this phrase praises the quality of his early manga works for children and animations, it also blurs the significant influence of his later, more literary, gekiga works. Tezuka began what was known as the manga revolution in Japan with his ''Shin Takarajima (manga), New Treasure Island'' published in 1947. His output would spawn some of the most influential, successful and well-received manga series including the children's manga ''Astro Boy'', ''Princess Knight'' and ''Kimba the White Lion'', and the adult-oriented serie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiroshi Hirata
was a Japanese manga artist best known in the United States for the samurai manga series ''Satsuma Gishiden'', which is published in the United States by Dark Horse Comics. Hirata's works belong to the subset of manga known as "gekiga" ("dramatic pictures"), and his artwork has a realistic style comparable to Goseki Kojima's work on ''Lone Wolf and Cub''. He was also known for his use of elaborate calligraphy for dialogue (he did the kanji for Akira (1988 film), Akira), which has been preserved (though still translated) in the American editions of his work. According to Frederik L. Schodt's ''Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga'', famed Japanese author and militarist Yukio Mishima admired Hirata's work. Also, ''Usagi Yojimbo'' creator Stan Sakai has praised Hirata's artwork. Hirata is one of the very few manga authors whose work has been translated into Hindi. A translation by Yoshiyo Takakura of his 1978 manga ''Chi Daruma Kenpo'' was published by Yukichi Yamamatsu's Delh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yoshiharu Tsuge
is a Japanese cartoonist and essayist. He was active in comics between 1955 and 1987. His works range from tales of ordinary life to dream-like surrealism, and often show his interest in traveling about Japan. He has garnered the most attention from the surrealistic works he had published in the late 1960s in the avant-garde magazine '' Garo''. Tsuge began producing comics in 1955 for the rental comics industry that flourished in impoverished post-War Japan. Initially, he made comics in the hard-boiled ''gekiga'' style–dark, realistic tales with negative endings. When rental comics ceased to be viable employment in the mid-1960s, Tsuge was in dire straits until he was picked up by the publishers of the avant garde comics magazine '' Garo''. From 1965 to 1970, he entered his most widely known phase when he produced often surrealistic and introspective works for ''Garo''. The June 1968 issue saw the most famous of these: the dream-based ''Neji-shiki'' (most commonly rend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satsuma Gishiden
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiroshi Hirata. It was serialized in Nihon Bungeisha's ''Weekly Manga Goraku'' magazine from 1977 to 1982 and published in six volumes. Plot ''Satsuma Gishiden'' is a dramatic depiction of events surrounding the 1754 Hōreki River incident, and illustrates the melancholy fortitude of the samurai of Satsuma as well as that of the wajū people who fought the great rivers of the Nōbi Plain for centuries. Publication Written and illustrated by Hiroshi Hirata, the series was serialized in Nihon Bungeisha's ''Weekly Manga Goraku'' magazine from 1977 to 1982. The series' individual chapters were collected into six volumes. It was later re-released by Leed Publishing. In October 2005, Dark Horse Comics announced that they licensed the series for English publication. They released three volumes. Reception Jason Thompson of ''Anime News Network'' praised Hirata's artwork and the manga's historical background. He described Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Colored Elegy
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Seiichi Hayashi. The manga was serialized in manga magazine, '' Garo'' from 1970 to 1971. It is licensed in North America by Drawn & Quarterly, which released the manga on July 8, 2008. It was adapted into an original video animation by Toei Animation on June 21, 2007. Media Manga ''Red Colored Elegy'' is written and illustrated by Seiichi Hayashi. The manga was serialized in manga magazine, '' Garo'' from 1970 to 1971. Shogakukan published the manga in 1970/1971. It was republished on July 15, 2000. The manga is licensed in North America by Drawn & Quarterly, which released the manga on July 8, 2008. Music An eponymous single, performed by Morio Agata, was released on April 25, 1972, and peak ranked 7th in Oricon singles charts with more than 290,000 copies sold. OVA An original video animation was created for ''Red Colored Elegy'' by Toei Animation on June 21, 2007. The OVA was directed by Seiichi Hayashi and its music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Manga
Alternative manga or underground manga is a Western term for Japanese comics that are published outside the more commercial manga market, or which have different art styles, themes, and narratives to those found in the more popular manga magazines. The term was taken from the similar alternative comics. The artistic center of alternative manga production was from the 1960s until the 1990s the manga magazine Garo (magazine), ''Garo'', which is why in Japan, alternative manga are often called , even if they were not published in ''Garo''. History Alternative manga originated in the lending library, lending libraries of post-war Japan, which charged a small fee for borrowing books. This market was essentially its own marketplace with many manga being printed exclusively for it. The market was notorious amongst parental groups for containing more lewd content than the normal mainstream manga publishers would allow. Consequently, the market tended to appeal to a slightly older adolesc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
