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Ganadhara
In Jainism, the term Ganadhara is used to refer the chief disciple of a ''Tirthankara''. In '' samavasarana'', the ''Tīrthankara'' sat on a throne without touching it (about two inches above it). Around, the ''Tīrthankara'' sits the ''Ganadharas''. According to Digambara tradition, only a disciple of exceptional brilliance and accomplishment (''riddhi'') is able to fully assimilate, without doubt, delusion, or misapprehension, the '' anekanta'' teachings of a ''Tirthankara''. The presence of such a disciple is mandatory in the ''samavasarana'' before ''Tirthankara'' delivers his sermons. ''Ganadhara'' interpret and mediate to other people the divine sound (''divyadhwani'') which the Jains claim emanates from Tirthankara's body when he preaches. The monastic sangha Sangha or saṃgha () is a term meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community". In a political context, it was historically used to denote a governing assembly in a republic or a kingdom, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indrabhuti Gautama
Gautama Swami, born as Indrabhuti Gautama was the first ''Ganadhara'' (chief disciple) of Mahavira, the 24th and last Jain Tirthankara of present half cycle of time. He is also referred to as Guru Gautama, Gautama Ganadhara, and Ganadhara Gautama Swami. Life Gautama was the senior-most of 11 ''ganadharas'' (chief disciples) of Mahavira. He had two brothers Agnibhuti and Vayubhuti who also became ''ganadhara'' of Mahavira. Other ''ganadhara'' were Vyakta, Sudharmaswami, Mandikata Mauryaputra, Akampita, Acalabharata, Metarya and Prabhasa. A stone pillar of Utaroda mentions Mahagiri as one of Ganadharas of Mahavira who had Utara as his chief disciple. In Jain traditional accounts, Gautama is believed to have gained ''Kevala Jnana'' (omniscience) immediately after the ''Moksha (Jainism), moksha'' (liberation) of Mahavira. He was succeeded by Sudharmaswami who is believed to have gained omniscience after a further 12 years. According to the elaboration of ''Debate with the Ganad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahavira
Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर, ), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान, ), was the 24th ''Tirthankara'' (Supreme Preacher and Ford Maker) of Jainism. Although the dates and most historical details of his life are uncertain and varies by sect, historians generally consider that he lived during the 6th or 5th century BCE, reviving and reforming a proto-Jain community (which had possibly been founded by Pārśvanātha), and that he was an older contemporary of Gautama Buddha. Jains regard him as the spiritual successor of the 23rd ''Tirthankara'' Parshvanatha. According to traditional legends and hagiographies, Mahavira was born in the early 6th century BCE to a royal Kshatriya Jain family of ancient India. His mother's name was Trishala and his father's name was Siddhartha. According to the second chapter of the Śvētāmbara Ācārāṅga Sūtra, Siddhartha and his family were devotees of Parshvanatha. Mahavira abandoned all worldly p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudharmaswami
Sudharmaswami ( or Sudharman; 607 BC – 507 BC) was the fifth ganadhara of Mahavira. All the current Jain acharyas and monks follow his rule. Life Sudharmaswami was the spiritual successor of Indrabhuti Gautama in religious order reorganised by Mahavira. He is traditionally dated from 607 to 507 BC. In the Jain tradition he is believed to have obtained omniscience after 12 years in 515 BC. He is believed to have attained nirvana in 507 BC at the age of 100. The leadership of religious order was then transferred to Jambuswami who served for 44 years and was the last Ganadhara who survived after the death of Mahavira. For Jains, their scriptures represent the literal words of Mahavira and the other tirthankaras only to the extent that the agama texts are a series of fixed truths without a beginning or an end, and a tradition without any origin, human or divine, which in this world age has been channelled through Sudharmasvāmī. See also * Devardhigani Kshamashraman *Hemac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kesi (Ganadhara)
Kesi was the leader of the order of monks of the twenty third Jain Tirthankara, Parshvanatha, who is said to have met the 'Gandhara' (Chief disciple) of the twenty fourth Jain Tirthankara, Mahavira, Indrabhuti Gautama, Gautama. He was the disciple of Arya Samudradatta. His monastic lineage later came to be known as the Upkeśa Gaccha. Monastic lineage The time period between Parshvanatha and Mahavira was only 250 years, which is relatively short when compared to the periods between any two consecutive Tirthankara, tirthankaras. According to ancient Śvetāmbara texts such as Uttaradhyayana, Uttaradhyayana Sutra, owing to this short period of time between both the Tirthankara, tirthankaras, monks of Parshvanatha's lineage existed during Mahavira's time period. Keśiśramanācharya was a monk of Parshvanatha's lineage, who is said to have met Gautama Swami, the prime disciple of Mahavira. Parshvanatha's monastic lineage is said to have begun with his prime disciple Arya Śubhada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digambara
''Digambara'' (; "sky-clad") is one of the two major Jain schools and branches, schools of Jainism, the other being ''Śvetāmbara'' (white-clad). The Sanskrit word ''Digambara'' means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing nor wearing any clothes. Nakedness was the ideal practice of lord Mahavira and his immediate followers. Mahavira emphasized the importance of nakedness for monks. It symbolizes complete detachment and is an ideal form of conduct. Mahavira believed that renouncing clothes made the body immune to external influences like heat and cold, increasing resilience. Without clothes, a monk would avoid the distractions of acquiring, maintaining, and washing garments, allowing him to focus on spiritual growth and self-discipline. Digambara and Śvetāmbara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards female monastics, their legends, and the texts the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jainism
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion whose three main pillars are nonviolence (), asceticism (), and a rejection of all simplistic and one-sided views of truth and reality (). Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four , supreme preachers of ''dharma''. The first in the current time cycle is Rishabhadeva, who tradition holds lived millions of years ago; the 23rd is Parshvanatha, traditionally dated to the 9th century Common Era, BCE; and the 24th is Mahāvīra, Mahavira, who lived . Jainism is considered an eternal ''dharma'' with the guiding every time cycle of the Jain cosmology, cosmology. Central to understanding Jain philosophy is the concept of ''bhedavijñāna'', or the clear distinction in the nature of the soul and non-soul entities. This principle underscores the innate purity and potential for liberation within every Jīva (Jainism), soul, distinct from the physical and menta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miniature Of Gautamasvāmin Seated, In The Typical Śvetāmbara Monastic Dress And Holding A Rosary, 15th Century (British Library Or 2126A)
A miniature is a small-scale reproduction, or a small version. It may refer to: * Portrait miniature, a miniature portrait painting * Miniature art, miniature painting, engraving and sculpture * Miniature food, small edible or inedible versions of food * Miniature (chess), a short chess game, typically with no more than 25 moves. * Miniature (illuminated manuscript), a small painting in an illuminated text ** Arabic miniature, a small painting in an illuminated text ** Armenian miniature, a small painting in an illuminated text ** Persian miniature, a small painting in an illuminated text or album ** Ottoman miniature, a small painting in an illuminated text or album *** Contemporary Turkish miniature, painting ** Mughal miniature, a small painting in an illuminated text or album * Scale model ** Room box ** Figurine ** Miniature figure (gaming), a small figurine used in role playing games and tabletop wargames * Miniature (alcohol), a very small bottle of an alcoholic drink * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soma (monk)
Soma may refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional characters * Soma-datta, a character in the 11th-century Indian story collection ''Shringara-manjari-katha'' * Soma (''Brave New World''), the freely distributed happiness drug in the 1932 Aldous Huxley novel ''Brave New World'' * Soma, a character in ''Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?'' * Prince Soma, a character in ''Black Butler'' * Soma Cruz, the protagonist of ''Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow'' and ''Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow'' * Soma Peries, a character in ''Mobile Suit Gundam 00'' * Soma Schicksal, a character in '' Gods Eater Burst'' * Soma Yukihira, the main protagonist in '' Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma'' * Jarlskona Soma, a character in '' Assassin's Creed: Valhalla'' * Ryu Soma, a character in ''Argento Soma'' * Soma, a mystical mana-like substance from The Qwaser of Stigmata, present within human breast milk. Music * Soma (band), an Australian dark ambient musical project ; Albums * ''Soma'' (M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routledge
Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioral science, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and Imprint (trade name), imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharata Chakravartin
In Jainism, Bharata was the first ''chakravartin'' (lit. 'holder of a ''chakra''', i.e., emperor) of the Avasarpini (present half-time cycle). He was the eldest son of Rishabhanatha, the first ''tirthankara''. The ancient name of India was named Bhāratavarsha or Bhārat or Bharata-bhumi after him. He had two sons from his chief-empress Subhadra, named Arkakirti and Marichi. He is said to have conquered all six parts of the world and to have engaged in a fight with Bahubali, his brother, to conquer the last remaining city of the world. According to the Digambara sub-tradition of Jainism, in his later years, he renounced the world, led an ascetic life, and attained '' kevala jnana'' (omniscience). According to the Śvetāmbara Jains, he attained ''kevala jnana'' (omniscience) after which he renounced the world. He gained ''kevala jnana'' when he came to believe that the human body lacked beauty and renounced the world as a ''kevalajnani'' (omniscient), and then attained moksha. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasas
Yasas is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: * Yasas Alwis (born 1992), Sri Lankan cricketer * Raveen Yasas (born 1999), Sri Lankan cricketer * Ravindra Yasas (born 1964), Sri Lankan actor {{Given name, type=both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virabhadra (monk)
Virabhadra (), also rendered Veerabhadra, Veerabathira, and Veerabathiran, is a fierce form of the Hindu god Shiva. He is created by the wrath of Shiva, when the deity hurls a lock of his matted hair upon the ground, upon hearing of the self-immolation of his consort, Sati, at the Daksha yajna.the Horse-sacrifice of the Prajapati Daksha translated by (1883–1896), Book 12: Santi Parva: Mokshadharma Parva: Section CCLXXXIV. p. 315 Mahadeva created from his mouth a terrible Being whose very sight could make one's hair s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
