|
GAZ Volga
The Volga () is an executive car that originated in the Soviet Union to replace the GAZ Pobeda in 1956. Their role in serving the Soviet nomenklatura made them a contemporary cultural icon. Several generations of the car have been produced. Despite the continuous modernisations, GAZ found it increasingly difficult to keep the ageing design competitive in a market economy. GAZ CEO Bo Andersson decided to discontinue the Volga range in 2010. __TOC__ First generation, the GAZ-M-21 The first generation Volga was developed as a replacement for the 1946 GAZ-M20 Pobeda mid-size car, based on a brief issued in 1951. The first pre-production batch left GAZ on 10 October 1956. It was built in three distinct series; in total 639,478 Volgas were built from 1956 until 1970. There was also an estate derivative (GAZ-22) and a rare, V8-engined version developed for the KGB's 9th Directorate as an escort vehicle for motorcades.Thompson, p.133. The first series, nicknamed the ''Star'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZ-M20 Pobeda
The GAZ-M20 "Pobeda" (; ''победа'' means ''victory'') is a passenger car produced in the Soviet Union by GAZ from 1946 until 1958. It was also licensed to the Poland, Polish Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych, Passenger Automobile Factory and produced there as the FSO Warszawa. Although usually known as the GAZ-M20, an original car's designation at that time was just M-20: M for "Molotovets" (the GAZ factory was named after Vyacheslav Molotov). History The first sketches of similar-looking cars were completed by Valentin Brodsky in 1938 and by Vladimir Aryamov in 1940, which revealed a growing tendency towards streamlined car design in the Soviet Union. Aryamov's two-door coupe GAZ-11-80, designed in 1940, greatly resembled the later Pobeda and was in many ways identical to it. However, after the Operation Barbarossa, German invasion of 1941 military priorities delayed the work on the new car and the factory was switched to military production. The first Pobeda was developed in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov (; – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician, diplomat, and revolutionary who was a leading figure in the government of the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s, as one of Joseph Stalin's closest allies. Molotov served as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (head of government) from 1930 to 1941, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949 during the era of the Second World War, and again from 1953 to 1956. An Old Bolshevik, Molotov joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1906 and was arrested and internally exiled twice before the October Revolution of 1917. He briefly headed the party's Secretariat before supporting Stalin's rise to power in the 1920s, becoming one of his closest associates. Molotov was made a full member of the Politburo in 1926 and became premier in 1930, overseeing Stalin's agricultural collectivization (and resulting famine) and his Great Purge. As foreign minister from 1939, Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingpin (automotive Part)
The kingpin (also king-pin, king pin and k pin) is the main wiktionary:pivot, pivot in the steering mechanism of a automobile, car or other vehicle. The term is also used to refer to part of a fifth wheel coupling apparatus for a Semi truck, semi and its Trailer (vehicle), trailer or other load. History Originally, with the 'turntable' steering of horse-drawn wagons, this was a single pin on which the moveable axle was pivoted beneath the wagon's frame. This located the axle from side to side, but the weight of the wagon was carried on a circular wooden ring turntable surrounding this. Similar centre pivot steering was used by steam traction engines, the kingpin being mounted on the 'perch bracket' beneath the boiler. Some early cars also used centre pivot steering, although it became apparent that it was unsuitable for their increasing speeds. Ackermann steering separates the steering movement into two pivots, one near the hub of each front wheel. The beam axle between them re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrohydraulic Servo Valve
An actuator is a machine element, component of a machine that produces force, torque, or Displacement (geometry), displacement, when an electrical, Pneumatics, pneumatic or Hydraulic fluid, hydraulic input is supplied to it in a system (called an actuating system). The effect is usually produced in a controlled way. An actuator translates such an input signal into the required form of mechanical energy. It is a type of transducer. In simple terms, it is a "mover". An actuator requires a control device (which provides control signal) and a source of energy. The control signal is relatively low in energy and may be voltage, electric current, Compressed air, pneumatic, or hydraulic fluid pressure, or even human power. In the electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic sense, it is a form of automation, automation or automatic control. The displacement achieved is commonly linear or rotational, as exemplified by linear motors and rotary motors, respectively. Rotary motion is more natural for s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four On The Floor (transmission)
A gear stick (rarely spelled ''gearstick''), gear lever (both UK English), gearshift or shifter (both U.S. English), more formally known as a transmission lever, is a metal lever attached to the transmission of an automobile. The term ''gear stick'' mostly refers to the shift lever of a manual transmission, while in an automatic transmission, a similar lever is known as a gear selector. A gear stick will normally be used to change gear whilst depressing the clutch pedal with the left foot to disengage the engine from the drivetrain and wheels. Automatic transmission vehicles, including hydraulic (torque converter) automatic transmissions, automated manual and older semi-automatic transmissions (specifically clutchless manuals), like '' VW Autostick'', and those with continuously variable transmissions, do not require a physical clutch pedal. Alternative positions Gear sticks are most commonly found between the front seats of the vehicle, either on the center console (sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V6 Engine
A V6 engine is a six- cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special. The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines. Design Due to their short length, V6 engines are often used as the larger engine option for vehicles which are otherwise produced with inline-four engines, especially in transverse engine vehicles. A downside for luxury cars is that V6 engines produce more vibrations than straight-six engines. Some sports cars like the Porsche 911 use flat-six engines instead of V6 engines, due to their near perfect primary engine balance and lower centre of gravity (which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Tsikolenko
Leonid ( ; ; ) is a Slavic version of the given name Leonidas. The French version is Leonide. People with the name include: * Leonid Agutin (born 1968), Russian pop musician and songwriter *Leonid Andreyev (1871–1919), Russian playwright and short-story writer who led the Expressionist movement in the national literature *Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982), leader of the USSR from 1964 to 1982 *Leonid Buryak (b. 1953), USSR/Ukraine-born Olympic-medal-winning soccer player and coach *Leonid Bykov (1928–1979), Soviet and Ukrainian actor, film director, and script writer * Leonid Desyatnikov (b. 1955), Soviet and Russian opera and film composer *Leonid Feodorov (1879–1935), a bishop and Exarch for the Russian Catholic Church, and survivor of the Gulag *Leonid Filatov (1946–2003), Soviet and Russian actor, director, poet, and pamphleteer *Leonid Gaidai, (1923–1993), Soviet comedy film director * Leonid Geishtor (b. 1936), USSR (Belarus)-born Olympic champion Canadian pairs spri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZMZ-24
The ZMZ-24 was an aluminium-block overhead valve (OHV) inline four design, an evolution of the ZMZ-21A, displacing , and in its initial appearance, produced with chain-driven camshaft and compression ratio of 6.6:1; it produced at 4,000 rpm and at 2,200 rpm. It was also produced as the UMZ 4178.10.Thompson, p.130. It "quickly became the mainstay of the Soviet engine industry",Thompson, p.129. and would be used in a variety of vehicles. The improved ZMZ-24D, found in the GAZ-24, ran on 92 RON gasoline (while the ZMZ-24-01 could use commonly available 76 octane, and the ZMZ-24-07 could use liquid propane). The cylinder block was die cast, instead of the slower coquille for the 21A. The engine featured a twin-choke carburettor, with a higher compression ratio, producing at 4500 rpm and an even more impressive of torque at 2200–2400 RPM. By 1970, the ZMZ-24 had been renamed the ZMZ-402.10, with a lower-compression 4021.10 version, which remained in limited production until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZ Volga Siber
The GAZ Volga Siber () is a four-door sedan manufactured by the Russian firm GAZ, introduced at the 2007 Moscow International Automobile Salon and marketed in a single generation for model years 2008 to 2010. Manufactured under license from Chrysler, the Siber used the superseded platform and tooling from the second generation Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Stratus with slight design modifications executed by the British studio UltraMotive to its grille and headlights. Other modifications were limited to a stiffer suspension and higher ground clearance.«Русский Chrysler» обрел имя — GAZ Siber [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZ-3111
The GAZ-3111 Volga is an automobile manufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1998 to 2004 as a generation of its Volga marque. The GAZ-3111 was scheduled to launch in 2000, but the factory's new owner Oleg Deripaska, was unimpressed with the vehicle visually and the high price of the car hindered sales. As a result, production ended after only 428 cars had been built in the pre-production batch. Nonetheless, the car did influence the next facelift of the main Volga - the GAZ-31105, which among with a redesigned fascia finally rid the Volga of the archaic kingpins from the front suspension in 2004. History During the early 1990s GAZ managed to survive the crises by having the Volga do a generation jump from the GAZ-24-10 to the GAZ-3110 in 1997. Simultaneously it never abandoned its quest to develop its eventual replacement, and continued designing a new car, which would feature ABS, power steering, climate control, automatic gearbox an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZ-3105
The GAZ-3105, often referred as a Volga, is an automobile manufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1992 to 1996. History In the 1980s, GAZ was looking for a new and modern vehicle to replace the aging executive car GAZ-3102, but also the larger GAZ-14 Chaika limousine. For this reason, GAZ began to develop a new family of vehicles with front, rear and all-wheel drive, the models were named GAZ-3103, GAZ-3104 and GAZ-3105 depending on the version. The design was partly derived from the third-generation Audi 100/200, from which the cross-section of the body along the B-pillar, the transmission arrangement, and some other mechanical designs were used. However, since it was much smaller and slightly less powerful than the GAZ-14, it was placed between the GAZ-3102 and the GAZ-14 in GAZ's product lineup. Compared to the Volga series vehicles derived from the GAZ-24 ( GAZ-3102, GAZ-31029, GAZ-3110 and GAZ-31105), the GAZ-3105 had a complet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
