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First Shō Dynasty
The was a dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom on Okinawa Island in the 15th century, ruled by the under the title of Genealogy of the Kings of Chūzan, King of Chūzan. According to the official history books compiled during the second Shō Dynasty, it lasted from 1406 to 1469. However, the official account is considered unreliable by modern historians because it contradicts contemporary sources. Official narrative During the second Shō Dynasty, Ryūkyū compiled official history books, starting with Haneji Chōshū's ''Chūzan Seikan'' (1650), which was followed by Sai Taku's edition of the ''Chūzan Seifu'' (1701) and Sai On's edition of the ''Chūzan Seifu'' (1725). Although the official narrative based on Sai On's ''Chūzan Seifu'' is widely circulated, it is full of contradictions with contemporary sources. In 1406, Bunei (Ryukyu), Bunei was overthrown and Shishō, Shō Shishō became the nominal ruler of Chūzan, placed there by his eldest son Shō Hashi as part of a power b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chūzan
was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century. Okinawa, previously controlled by a number of local chieftains or lords, loosely bound by a paramount chieftain or king of the entire island, split into these three more solidly defined kingdoms within a few years after 1314; the Sanzan period thus began, and would end roughly one hundred years later, when Chūzan's King Shō Hashi conquered Hokuzan in 1419 and Nanzan in 1429. The united Okinawan state was called the Ryūkyū Kingdom, but would continue to be referred to as "Chūzan" in various official documents of the Ryukyuan royal government, and those of many other states in the region. History Tamagusuku succeeded his father Eiji as kingEiji is also identified as head chieftain of Okinawa of Okinawa at the age of nineteen, in 1314. However, he lacked the charisma or leadership abilities to command the respect and loyalty of the various territorial lords ('' aji''), and many rebelled soon aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shō Hashi
Shō Hashi (1372–1439) was a king of Chūzan, one of Sanzan period, three tributary states to China on the western Pacific island of Okinawa Island, Okinawa. He is traditionally described as the unifier of Okinawa and the founder of the Ryukyu Kingdom. He was the son of the lord Shishō of the First Shō dynasty. Modern scholarship has connected Shishō's potential father, Samekawa, to a family of Southern Court-affiliated seafarers from the island of Kyushu, where Hashi was possibly born. Hashi became the lord of Sashiki Castle in southern Okinawa in 1392, becoming a noted military leader. In 1407, following a diplomatic incident between the Chūzan king Bunei and the Ming dynasty court, Shishō took the throne, attributed by the Ryukyuan official histories to a coup d'état by Hashi to install his father as king. Hashi himself became king of Chūzan following Shishō's death. He continued tributary and trade relations with the Ming and embarked on military campaigns against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shō Taikyū
Shō Taikyū (1410–1460) was a king of the first Shō dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom of the western Pacific island of Okinawa, reigning from 1454 to 1460. Although described in the official histories of Ryukyu and the Ming annals as a relative of the previous rulers, he may have been an unrelated ruler of the castle of Goeku, taking power amidst a succession crisis between two other lords which resulted in the destruction of Shuri Castle. He rebuilt the castle during his reign and saw the transformation of Shuri into the political and economic center of Okinawa. A sponsor of Zen Buddhism, he invited Japanese monks to settle in the kingdom and authorized the foundation of four Buddhist temples in his kingdom. He commissioned a number of large bronze bells, including the inscribed Bridge of Nations Bell which was displayed at Shuri. The kingdom's first domestic coinage was produced during his reign. In 1458, a conflict broke out between Amawari, the ''aji'' (lord) of Katsur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shō Kinpuku
was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom of the First Shō dynasty. Life Shō Kinpuku succeeded his nephew, Shō Shitatsu, in 1449. A one-kilometer-long dam, which known as , was built in 1451 by Kaiki (Ryukyu), Kaiki, a somewhat mysterious figure from Ming Dynasty, Ming China. The dam was built from Naha harbor to Tomari, Okinawa, Tomari harbor, connecting many tiny isles. King Shō Kinpuku died in 1453, a succession dispute erupted between the king's son and his younger brother . Shuri Castle was burned down in the conflict, and both of them died in the incident. After the incident, the king's other younger brother, Shō Taikyū, came to the throne. References ''Chūzan Seifu'' (中山世譜) Kings of Ryūkyū First Shō dynasty 1398 births 1453 deaths {{RyukyuKingdom-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shō Chū
was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom of the First Shō dynasty. He ruled from 1439 to 1444. Life Shō Chū was the second son of his father, King Shō Hashi. After his father conquered the Kingdom of Hokuzan, Shō Chū was appointed in 1422. Shō Chū was installed as the king after his father's death. During his reign, Ryukyu began to trade with Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje .... References''Chūzan Seifu''(中山世譜) Kings of Ryūkyū First Shō dynasty 1391 births 1444 deaths {{RyukyuKingdom-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haedong Jegukgi
''Haedong Jegukgi'' () or ''Records of Countries Across the Sea to the East'' is a fifteenth-century Korean text on relations between Joseon, Japan, and the Ryūkyū Kingdom. Compiled by government officials –71, it was presented to King Seongjong early in 1472; though this manuscript is now lost, an expanded printed version of 1512 is still extant. This later printed version includes a chronicle of the Emperors of Japan, a gazetteer A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or wikt:directory, directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas.Aurousseau, 61. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup, social statistics and physical features of a co ... of Japan, and maps of Japan and Ryūkyū. See also * Joseon missions to Japan * Joseon missions to the Ryūkyū Kingdom * Japanese missions to Joseon * Ryūkyūan missions to Joseon * Sin Sukju References Works by Joseon people 1470s books Korean non-fiction books Japan–Korea relatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Asian Age Reckoning
Traditional East Asian age reckoning covers a group of related methods for reckoning human ages practiced in the East Asian cultural sphere, where age is the number of calendar years in which a person has been alive; it starts at 1 at birth and increases at each New Year. Ages calculated this way are always 1 or 2 years greater than ages that start with 0 at birth and increase at each birthday. Historical records from China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam have usually been based on these methods, whose specific details have varied over time and by place. The South Korean government switched to the international system on June 28, 2023. Chinese age reckoning, the first of these methods, originated from the belief in ancient Chinese astrology that one's fate is bound to the stars imagined to be in opposition to the planet Jupiter at the time of one's birth. The importance of this duodecennial cycle is also essential to fengshui geomancy but only survives in popular culture as the 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridge Of Nations Bell
The is a famous bronze bell associated with the Ryūkyū Kingdom. As inscripted in the bell, it was Builb by Carpenter Fujiwara no Kuniyoshi (藤原国善), and words were given by the chief priest ”Keiin An Sen (渓隠安潜)" at Rinzai school, Rinzaisyu Sokokuji Temple (臨済宗相国寺). History The bell was cast in 1458, during the reign of King Shō Taikyū, and hung at the Seiden (main hall) of Shuri Castle. The bell is 154.9 cm high, with an opening 93.1 cm in diameter, and weighs 721 kilograms.''Bankoku shinryō no kane''. Okinawa Daihyakka'' (沖縄大百科). Urumax. Accessed 5 September 2009. Blackened and damaged by Allies (World War II), Allied bombs and guns during the 1945 battle of Okinawa, the bell miraculously survived largely intact. It is, however, no longer rung.Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpurū Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, "Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers. p199. Nationally designated as an Imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonshō
, also known as or are large bell (instrument), bells found in Buddhist temples in Japan, Buddhist temples throughout Japan, used to summon the monks to prayer and to demarcate periods of time. Rather than containing a clapper, are struck from the outside, using either a handheld mallet or a beam suspended on ropes. The bells are usually made from bronze, using a form of Casting (metalworking)#Expendable mold casting, expendable mould casting. They are typically augmented and ornamented with a variety of Boss (architecture), bosses, raised bands and inscriptions. The earliest of these bells in Japan date to around 600 Common Era, CE, although the general design is of much earlier Chinese origin and shares some of the features seen in ancient Chinese bells. The bells' penetrating and pervasive tone carries over considerable distances, which led to their use as signals, timekeepers and alarms. In addition, the sound of the bell is thought to have supernatural properties; it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omoro Sōshi
The is a compilation of ancient poems and songs from Okinawa and the Amami Islands, collected into 22 volumes and written primarily in hiragana with some simple kanji. There are 1,553 poems in the collection, but many are repeated; the number of unique pieces is 1,144. The hiragana used, however, is a traditional orthography which associates different sounds to the characters than their normal Japanese readings, due to it originally being based on an earlier stage of Northern Ryukyuan that has not yet undergone vowel raising characteristic of the modern languages. The characters used to write ''omoro'', for example (おもろ), would be written this same way, but pronounced as ''umuru'' in Okinawan. The poetry contained in the volumes extends from the 12th century, or possibly earlier, to some composed by the Queen of Shō Nei (1589-1619). Though formally composed and recorded at these times, most if not all are believed to derive from far earlier traditions, as a result of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aji (Ryukyu)
Aji An ''aji'', or ''anji'' was a ruler of a small kingdom in the history of the Ryukyu Islands. The word later became a title and rank of nobility in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It ranked next below a prince among nobility. The sons of princes and the eldest sons of ''aji'' became ''aji.'' An ''aji'' established a noble family equivalent to a shinnōke of Japan. The ''aji'' arose around the twelfth century as local leaders began to build ''gusuku'' (Ryukyuan castles). Shō Hashi was an ''aji'' who later unified Okinawa Island as king. The title ''aji'' variously designated sons of the king and regional leaders. During the Second Shō Dynasty, when the ''aji'' settled near Shuri Castle, the word came to denote an aristocrat in the castle town. A pattern for addressing a male ''aji'' began with the place he ruled and ended with the word ''aji'', for example, "Nago ''Aji''". For women, the suffix ''ganashi'' or ''kanashi'' (加那志) followed: "Nago ''Aji-ganashi''". Etymology The k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Shilu
The ''Ming Veritable Records'' or ''Ming Shilu'' (), contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source of information on the dynasty. According to modern historians, it "plays an extremely important role in the historical reconstruction of Ming society and politics." After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the ''Ming Veritable Records'' was used as a primary source for the compilation of the '' History of Ming'' by the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the .... Historical sources The Veritable Records (''shilu'') for each emperor was composed after the emperor's death by a History Office appointed by the Grand Secretariat using different types of historical sources such as: # "The Qiju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
