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Eutardigrades
Eutardigrada are a class of tardigrades (Tardigrada) without lateral appendages. Primarily freshwater bound, some species have secondarily gained the ability to live in marine environments (''Halobiotus''). By cryptobiosis many species are able to live temporarily in very dry environments. More than 700 species have been described. The order Apochela consists of only one family, Milnesiidae, with two genera: ''Milnesium'' and ''Limmenius''. ''Milnesium tardigradum'' can be found worldwide and is one of the biggest species among tardigrades (up to 1.4 mm); similar-looking species have been found in Cretaceous amber. The mouth of this predator has a wide opening, so the animal can eat rotifers and larger protists. Other eutardigrades belong to the order Parachela (tardigrade), Parachela. References External links * * Tardigrade taxa [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsibius Dujardini
''Hypsibius dujardini sensu lato'' is a species complex of tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada. A member of this complex, ''Hypsibius exemplaris'', is widely used for various research projects pertaining to evolutionary biology and astrobiology. The species was described by Louis Michel François Doyère in 1840 (as ''Macrobiotus dujardini''). ''H. exemplaris'' was differentiated from ''H. dujardini sensu stricto'' in 2018. Earlier studies refer to this lab species from northwest England as ''H. dujardini''. ''H. dujardini s.s.'' is found in France, and has differences in 18S rRNA sequence and morphological details. Habitat The species, ''Hypsibius dujardini'', is a tardigrade that prefers freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams. Because they are considered cosmopolitan, their geographical range is immense. They can be found in regions like the tropics and the poles. Genome sequencing The genome of ''Hypsibius exemplaris'' has been sequenced. ''Hypsibius exemplaris'' has a com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobiotidae
Macrobiotidae is a family of tardigrades. Phylogeny External phylogeny According to a 2018 report using multiple morphological and molecular studies, the Macrobiotoidea are sister to the Hypsibioidea; both are eutardigrades. The genera '' Adorybiotus'' and '' Richtersius'' were transferred from Macrobiotidae to a new family, Richtersiidae, in 2016. Internal phylogeny A 2021 phylogenetic analysis found that the genus ''Macrobiotus'' is monophyletic (a clade) but that the former genus ''Xerobiotus'' is wholly contained within ''Macrobiotus''. A new genus, '' Sisubiotus'', was created. The genus "'' Minibiotus''" was seen to be paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ... with respect to ''Tenuibiotus'' and ''Paramacrobiotus''. Genera , the famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotifer
The rotifers (, from Latin 'wheel' and 'bearing'), sometimes called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera ) of microscopic and near-microscopic Coelom#Pseudocoelomates, pseudocoelomate animals. They were first described by John Harris (writer), Rev. John Harris in 1696, and other forms were described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1703. Most rotifers are around long (although their size can range from to over ), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few Seawater, saltwater species. Some rotifers are free swimming and truly planktonic, others move by inchworming along a substrate, and some are Sessility (zoology), sessile, living inside tubes or gelatinous holdfast (biology), holdfasts that are attached to a substrate. About 25 species are colonial (e.g., ''Sinantherina semibullata''), either sessile or planktonic. Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predator
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the Host (biology), host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from Scavenger, scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with Herbivore, herbivory, as Seed predation, seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behavior varies significantly depending on the organism. Many predators, especially carnivores, have evolved distinct hunting strategy, hunting strategies. Pursuit predation involves the active search for and pursuit of prey, whilst ambush predation, ambush predators instead wait for prey to present an opportunity for capture, and often use stealth or aggressive mimicry. Other predators are opportunism, opportunistic or om ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity."Amber" (2004). In Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of New Jersey'', Rutgers University Press, . Amber is used in jewelry and as a healing agent in Traditional medicine, folk medicine. There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents. Because it originates as a soft, sticky tree resin, amber sometimes contains animal and plant material as Inclusion (mineral), inclusions. Amber occurring in coal seams is also called resinite, and the term ''ambrite'' is applied to that found specifically within New Zealand coal seams. Etymology The English word ''amber'' derives from Arabic from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (''ʾnbl'' /ambar/, “ambergris”) via Medieval Latin, Middle Latin ''ambar'' and Middle French ''ambre''. The word referred to what is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ninth and longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin , 'chalk', which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation . The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high Sea level#Local and eustatic, eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow Inland sea (geology), inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was largely ice-free, although there is some evidence of brief periods of glaciation during the cooler first half, and forests extended to the poles. Many of the dominant taxonomic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milnesium Tardigradum
''Milnesium tardigradum'' is a cosmopolitan species of tardigrade that can be found in a diverse range of environments. It has also been found in the sea around Antarctica. ''M. tardigradum'' was described by Louis Michel François Doyère in 1840. It contains unidentified osmolytes that could potentially provide important information in the process of cryptobiosis. Description Morphology ''M. tardigradum'' has a symmetrical body with eight legs; it uses claws—a distinctive feature of this tardigrade species. The total length of the body varies, with some measuring up to 0.7 mm in length. ''M. tardigradum'' have been found to possess a high level of radioresistance. In 2007, individuals of two tardigrade species, '' Richtersius coronifer'' and ''M. tardigradum'', were subject to the radiation, near-vacuum, and near-absolute zero conditions of outer space as part of the European Space Agency's Biopan-6 experiment. Three specimens of ''M. tardigradum'' survived. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limmenius
''Limmenius'' is a genus of tardigrades with one species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ..., ''Limmenius porcellus''. References External links * A specimen of ''Limmenius porcellus''at the Museum of New Zealand Apochela Monotypic tardigrade genera {{Tardigrade-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milnesium
''Milnesium'' is a genus of tardigrades. It is rather common, being found in a wide variety of habitats across the world. It has a fossil record extending back to the Cretaceous, the oldest species found so far (''M. swolenskyi'') is known from Turonian stage deposits on the east coast of the United States. Milnesiums are one of the most desiccation and radiation-resistant invertebrates on Earth because of their unique ability to transform into a "tun" state and utilize intrinsically disordered proteins when experiencing extreme environments. Species Described species include: * ''Milnesium alabamae'' Wallendorf & Miller, 2009 *''Milnesium almatyense'' Tumanov, 2006 * ''Milnesium alpigenum'' Ehrenberg, 1853 *''Milnesium antarcticum'' Tumanov, 2006 * ''Milnesium argentinum'' Roszkowska, Ostrowska & Kaczmarek, 2015 *''Milnesium asiaticum'' Tumanov, 2006 * ''Milnesium barbadosense'' Meyer & Hinton, 2012 * ''Milnesium beasleyi'' Kaczmarek, Jakubowska & Michalczyk, 2012 * ''Milnesium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobiosis
Cryptobiosis or anabiosis is a metabolic state in extremophilic organisms in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. In the cryptobiotic state, all measurable metabolic processes stop, preventing reproduction, development, and repair. When environmental conditions return to being hospitable, the organism will return to its metabolic state of life as it was prior to cryptobiosis. Forms Anhydrobiosis Anhydrobiosis is the most studied form of cryptobiosis and occurs in situations of extreme desiccation. The term ''anhydrobiosis'' derives from the Greek for "life without water" and is most commonly used for the desiccation tolerance observed in certain invertebrate animals such as bdelloid rotifers, tardigrades, brine shrimp, nematodes, and at least one insect, a species of chironomid ('' Polypedilum vanderplanki''). However, other life forms exhibit desiccation tolerance. These include the resurrection plant ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halobiotus
''Halobiotus'' is a genus of tardigrada, tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada. Species * ''Halobiotus arcturulius'' Crisp and Kristensen, 1983 * ''Halobiotus crispae'' Kristensen, 1982 * ''Halobiotus stenostomus'' (Richters, 1908) References External links Parachela (tardigrade) Tardigrade genera Polyextremophiles {{Tardigrade-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tardigrade
Tardigrades (), known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals. They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them . In 1776, the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani named them Tardigrada, which means 'slow walkers'. They live in diverse regions of Earth's biospheremountaintops, the deep sea, tropical rainforests, and the Antarctic. Tardigrades are among the most resilient animals known, with individual species able to survive extreme conditions – such as exposure to extreme temperatures, extreme pressures (both high and low), air deprivation, radiation, dehydration, and starvation – that would quickly kill most other forms of life. Tardigrades have survived exposure to outer space. There are about 1,500 known species in the phylum Tardigrada, a part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa. The earliest known fossil is from the Cambrian, some 500 million years ago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
