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Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophores on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus ''Etmopterus''. Genera * ''Aculeola'' * ''Centroscyllium'' * ''Etmopterus ''Etmopterus'' is a genus of Etmopteridae, lantern sharks in the Squaliformes, squaliform family (biology), family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ecol ...'' * †'' Paraetmopterus'' * '' Trigonognathus'' References Shark families Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler {{shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etmopterus
''Etmopterus'' is a genus of Etmopteridae, lantern sharks in the Squaliformes, squaliform family (biology), family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ecology A number of species in this genus function as Host (biology), host to the specialized parasitic barnacle ''Anelasma squalicola'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts nutrients from its bloodstream. Species There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: * ''Etmopterus alphus'' David A. Ebert, Ebert, Nicolas Straube, Straube, Robin W. Leslie, Leslie & Simon Weigmann, Weigmann, 2016 (whitecheek lanternshark) * ''Etmopterus baxteri'' Jack Garrick, Garrick, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark) * ''Etmopterus benchleyi'' Victoria Elena Vásquez, Vásquez, David A. Ebert, Ebert & Douglas J. Long, D. J. Long, 2015 (ninja lanternshark) * ''Etmopterus bigelowi'' Shigeru Shirai, Shirai & Hiroyuki Tachikawa, Tachika ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trigonognathus
The viper dogfish or viper shark (''Trigonognathus kabeyai'') is a rare species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, and the only extant member of its genus. It has been found in the Pacific Ocean off southern Japan, the Bonin Islands, Pacific Ocean off northern Taitung County and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This species inhabits upper continental slopes and seamounts. It may migrate vertically, shifting between bottom waters deep during the day and upper waters less than deep at night. A slender, black shark reaching in length, the viper dogfish can be recognized by its narrow, triangular jaws and well-spaced, fang-like teeth. It also has two spined dorsal fins, dermal denticles with faceted crowns, and numerous light-emitting photophores concentrated on its ventral surface. Feeding mainly on bony fishes, the viper dogfish captures prey by protruding its jaws and impaling them with its teeth. Its impressive gape allows it to swallow relatively large fish whole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velvet Belly Lantern Shark
The velvet belly lanternshark (or simply velvet belly) (''Etmopterus spinax'') is a species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae. One of the most common deepwater sharks in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the velvet belly is found from Iceland and Norway to Gabon and South Africa at a depth of . A small shark generally no more than long, the velvet belly is so named because its black underside is abruptly distinct from the brown coloration on the rest of its body. The body of this species is fairly stout, with a moderately long snout and tail, and very small gill slits. Like other lanternsharks, the velvet belly is bioluminescent, with light-emitting photophores forming a species-specific pattern over its flanks and abdomen. The ventral photophores are thought to function in counter-illumination, which camouflages the shark against predators and prey. The bioluminescent flank markings may play a role in intraspecific communication. Young velvet bellies feed mainly on kr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squaliformes
The Squaliformes are an order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating membrane, and five to seven gill slits. In most other respects, however, they are quite variable in form and size. Most species of the squaliform order live in saltwater or brackish water. They are found worldwide, from northern to tropical waters, and from shallow coastal seas to the open ocean. All members of the family Etmoperidae and Dalatiidae and ''Zameus squamulosus'' possess photophores, luminous organs, and exhibit intrinsic bioluminescence. Bioluminescence evolved once in Squaliformes, approximately 111–153 million years ago, and helped the Squaliformes radiate and adapt to the deep sea. The common ancestor of Dalatiidae, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, and Oxynotidae possessed a luminous organ and used bioluminescence for camouflage by co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophores on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus ''Etmopterus''. Genera * ''Aculeola'' * ''Centroscyllium'' * ''Etmopterus ''Etmopterus'' is a genus of Etmopteridae, lantern sharks in the Squaliformes, squaliform family (biology), family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ecol ...'' * †'' Paraetmopterus'' * '' Trigonognathus'' References Shark families Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler {{shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraetmopterus
''Paraetmopterus'' is an extinct genus of sharks in the family Etmopteridae. It was described by Adnet in 2006, and the type species is ''P. nolfi'', which existed during the middle Eocene of France. A new species, ''P. horvathi'', which existed in what is now Slovakia during the Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ... epoch, was described by Charlie J. Underwood and Jan Schlögl in 2013; however, this species was subsequently transferred to the separate genus '' Palaeocentroscymnus''. References Etmopteridae Oligocene sharks Fossils of France {{paleo-shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aculeola
The hooktooth dogfish, ''Aculeola nigra'', is a small, little-known dogfish, the only member of the genus ''Aculeola''. The type specimen is held at the National Natural History Museum, Santiago, Chile. Description The hooktooth dogfish has a blunt, flattened snout, very large eyes, a relatively long distance from the eye to the first gill slit, small grooved dorsal spines, a first dorsal fin about halfway between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and a broad caudal fin. They are black with a maximum length of only 60 cm. Distribution They are found in the eastern South Pacific along the coast of South America from Peru to central Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci .... Habits and habitat This shark is a little-known, yet common, shark that lives at depths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Weed Fowler
Henry Weed Fowler (March 23, 1878 – June 21, 1965) was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Philadelphia, Holmesburg, Pennsylvania. He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan. He joined the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and worked as an assistant from 1903 to 1922, associate curator of vertebrates from 1922 to 1934, curator of fish and reptiles from 1934 to 1940 and curator of fish from 1940 to 1965. He published material on numerous topics including crustaceans, birds, reptiles and amphibians, but his most important work was on fish. In 1927 he co-founded the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and acted as treasurer until the end of 1927. In 1934, he went to Cuba, alongside Charles Cadwalader (president of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), at the invitation of Ernest Hemingway to study billfishes, he stayed with Hemingway for six weeks and the three men devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish characterized by a ribless endoskeleton, dermal denticles, five to seven gill slits on each side, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the Division (taxonomy), division Selachii and are the sister group to the Batoidea, Batomorphi (Batoidea, rays and skate (fish), skates). Some sources extend the term "shark" as an informal category including Extinction, extinct members of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts. Shark-like chondrichthyans such as ''Cladoselache'' and ''Doliodus'' first appeared in the Devonian Period (419–359 million years), though some fossilized chondrichthyan-like scales are as old as the Ordovician, Late Ordovician (458–444 million years ago). The earliest confirmed modern sharks (Selachii) are known from the Early Jurassic around , with the oldest known member being ''Agaleus'', though records of true shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in multifarious organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, Dinoflagellate, dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as Firefly, fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In most cases, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the reaction of a substrate called luciferin and an enzyme, called luciferase. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin or Vargulin, cypridina luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme Catalysis, catalyzes the Redox, oxidation of the luciferin resultin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photophore
A photophore is a specialized anatomical structure found in a variety of organisms that emits light through the process of boluminescence. This light may be produced endogenously by the organism itself (symbiotic) or generated through a mutualistic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria (non-symbiotic), resulting in light production on a glandular organ of animals. Light organs are most commonly found in marine animals, including many species of fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye, equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters, and reflectors; unlike an eye, however, it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it. In the context of developmental biology, light organs form through precise genetic regulation and, in some cases, microbial colonization during specific stages of an organism's life cycle. They play a crucial evolutionary role in enabling species to adapt to low-light or dark environments, particularly in the deep sea. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
