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Erysiphales
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and around 1000 species. Many imperfect fungi (fungi whose sexual reproduction is unknown) belong here, especially the genus '' Oidium''. Recent molecular data have revealed the existence of six main evolutionary lineages. Clade 1 consists of '' Erysiphe'', '' Microsphaera'', and '' Uncinula'', all of which have an ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Pseudoidium'' mitosporic state. Clade 2 consists of '' Erysiphe galeopsidis'' and '' Erysiphe cumminsiana'' ( anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Striatoidium''). Clade 3 consists of ''Erysiphe'' species with anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Reticuloidium''. Clade 4 consists of ''Leveillula'' and ''Phyllactinia'', which have ''Oidiopsis'' and ''Ovulariopsis'' mitosporic states, respectively. Clade 5 consists of '' Sphaerotheca'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungus, fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of Ascomycota, ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as the signs of the causal pathogen are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. This mycelial layer may quickly spread to cover all of the leaves. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures; greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blumeria Graminis
''Blumeria graminis'' (commonly called barley powdery mildew, wheat mildew or corn mildew) is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on grasses, including cereals. It is the only species in the genus ''Blumeria''. It has also been called ''Erysiphe graminis'' and (by its anamorph) ''Oidium monilioides'' or ''Oidium tritici''. Systematics Previously ''B. graminis'' was included within the genus '' Erysiphe'', but molecular studies have placed it into a clade of its own. In 1975, it was moved to the new monospecific genus ''Blumeria''. ''Blumeria'' differs from ''Erysiphe'' in its digitate haustoria and in details of the conidial wall. ''Blumeria'' is also considered to be phylogenetically distinct from ''Erisiphe'' as it solely infects the true grasses of Poaceae. Eight special forms or '' formae speciales'' (ff.spp.) of ''B. graminis'' have been distinguished, each of which is parasitic on a particular genus or pareticular genera of grasses. Those that infect crop plants are ''B. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oidium (genus)
''Oidium'' is a genus of Deuteromycetes, where traditionally most anamorphs of the order Erysiphales are included. Most of them are plant pathogens causing different forms of powdery mildew, for example: *''Oidium alphitoides'' (= ''O. quercinum'') = '' Microsphaera alphitoides'' (on oaks) *'' Oidium anacardii'' (= ''Acrosporium anacardii'') (on cashew) *'' Oidium arachidis'' (on peanut) *''Oidium asteris-punicei'' (= ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'') (on mangos) *''Oidium balsamii'' = '' Erysiphe verbasci'' (on mulleins) *''Oidium begoniae'' (=''O.cyclaminis'', ''O.lini'', ''O.violae'') = '' Erysiphe polyphaga'' (on ''Valerianella'', ''Calluna'' and ''Erica'') *'' Oidium candicans'' (= ''Monilia candicans'') *'' Oidium caricae'' (on papayas) *'' Oidium caricae-papayae'' (on papayas) *'' Oidium caricicola'' (on papayas) *''Oidium chrysanthemi'' = ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' (on numerous plant species, especially Asteraceae) *'' Oidium carpini'' *'' Oidium chartarum'' (= ''Torula chartar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinula
''Uncinula'' is a genus of fungi. Its species are plant pathogens that cause powdery mildew diseases on various plant hosts. The genus is characterized by its dark chasmothecia which bear filamentous, hyaline appendages with hooked tips. Over one hundred species have been described from mostly dicotyledenous hosts. Braun and Takamatsu (2000) suggested that ''Uncinula'' should be considered a later synonym of '' Erysiphe''; not all subsequent researchers have accepted their conclusions. One notorious species, '' Uncinula necator'' (syn. ''Erysiphe necator''), attacks various species of grapes (Vitis spp.) and can cause yield losses in European wine grapes. Other ''Uncinula'' species attack a wide variety of dicotyledon The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, ...ous plants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe Galeopsidis
''Erysiphe'' is a genus of fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens which cause powdery mildew. Selected species This genus includes, but is not limited to the following species: * '' Erysiphe alphitoides'' * '' Erysiphe azerbaijanica'' * ''Erysiphe betae'' * '' Erysiphe brunneopunctata'' * ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' * ''Erysiphe communis'' * ''Erysiphe cruciferarum'' * '' Erysiphe diffusa'' (syn ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' 1. Xiao, Y.-T., C.-J. Wang, T.-C. Huang, and Y.-M. Shen. 2020. ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' causing powdery mildew on ''Bauhinia variegata'', ''B. blakeana'' and ''Desmodium caudatum'' in Taiwan. Forest Pathology 50(5):e12631.) * ''Erysiphe fernandoae'' * '' Erysiphe flexuosa'' * ''Erysiphe heraclei'' * ''Erysiphe michikoae'' * ''Erysiphe nitida * ''Erysiphe pisi'' * ''Erysiphe polygoni'' * ''Erysiphe robiniae ''Erysiphe'' is a genus of fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Many of the species in this genus are plant pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsphaera
''Microsphaera'' is a genus of powdery mildew in the family Erysiphaceae Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and around 1000 species. Ma .... References Erysiphales Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Taxa named by Joseph-Henri Léveillé Taxa described in 1851 Leotiomycetes genera {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe
''Erysiphe'' is a genus of fungus, fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathology, plant pathogens which cause powdery mildew. Selected species This genus includes, but is not limited to the following species: * ''Erysiphe alphitoides'' * ''Erysiphe azerbaijanica'' * ''Erysiphe betae'' * ''Erysiphe brunneopunctata'' * ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' * ''Erysiphe communis'' * ''Erysiphe cruciferarum'' * ''Erysiphe diffusa'' (syn ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' 1. Xiao, Y.-T., C.-J. Wang, T.-C. Huang, and Y.-M. Shen. 2020. ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' causing powdery mildew on ''Bauhinia variegata'', ''B. blakeana'' and ''Desmodium caudatum'' in Taiwan. Forest Pathology 50(5):e12631.) * ''Erysiphe fernandoae'' * ''Erysiphe flexuosa'' * ''Erysiphe heraclei'' * ''Erysiphe michikoae'' * ''Erysiphe nitida * ''Erysiphe pisi'' * ''Erysiphe polygoni'' * ''Erysiphe robiniae'' * ''Erysiphe syringae'' References Erysiphe, Fungal plant pathogens and dise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe Cumminsiana
''Erysiphe'' is a genus of fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens which cause powdery mildew. Selected species This genus includes, but is not limited to the following species: * '' Erysiphe alphitoides'' * '' Erysiphe azerbaijanica'' * ''Erysiphe betae'' * '' Erysiphe brunneopunctata'' * ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' * ''Erysiphe communis'' * ''Erysiphe cruciferarum'' * '' Erysiphe diffusa'' (syn ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' 1. Xiao, Y.-T., C.-J. Wang, T.-C. Huang, and Y.-M. Shen. 2020. ''Erysiphe lespedezae'' causing powdery mildew on ''Bauhinia variegata'', ''B. blakeana'' and ''Desmodium caudatum'' in Taiwan. Forest Pathology 50(5):e12631.) * ''Erysiphe fernandoae'' * '' Erysiphe flexuosa'' * ''Erysiphe heraclei'' * ''Erysiphe michikoae'' * ''Erysiphe nitida * ''Erysiphe pisi'' * ''Erysiphe polygoni'' * ''Erysiphe robiniae ''Erysiphe'' is a genus of fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Many of the species in this genus are plant pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidermis (botany)
The epidermis (from the Greek language, Greek ''ἐπιδερμίς'', meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaf, leaves, flowers, roots and Plant stem, stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows Anatomical terms of location#Dorsal and ventral, dorsoventral anatomy: the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems and some other stem structures such as potato tubers produce a secondary covering called the periderm that replaces the epidermis as the protective covering. Description The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of the primary plant body. In some older works the cells of the leaf epidermis have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haustorium
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function. Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level. The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word '' haustor'' meaning ''the one who draws, drains or drinks'', and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth. In fungi Fungi in all major divisions form haustoria. Haustoria take several forms. Generally, on penetration, the fungus increases the surface ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycelium
Mycelium (: mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Its normal form is that of branched, slender, entangled, anastomosing, hyaline threads. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates into a monokaryotic mycelium, which cannot reproduce sexually; when two compatible monokaryotic mycelia join and form a dikaryotic mycelium, that mycelium may form fruiting bodies such as mushrooms. A mycelium may be minute, forming a colony that is too small to see, or may grow to span thousands of acres as in '' Armillaria''. Through the mycelium, a fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment. It does this in a two-stage process. First, the hyphae secrete enzymes onto or into the food source, which break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers. These monomers are then absorbed into the mycelium by facilitated diffusion and ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs. *Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph. The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The ''Melbourne Code'' removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term ''holomorph'' any more. Dual naming of fungi Fungi are classified primarily based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
