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Equisetales
Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ..., Equisetaceae, containing the genus '' Equisetum'' (horsetails), as well as a variety of extinct groups, including the tree-like Calamitaceae. Classification In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, Equisetales, in its present circumscription, was held to be the sole member of class Equisetopsida. The linear sequence of Christenhusz et al. (2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009) which placed all land plants in Equisetopsida, made it the sole member of subclass Equisetidae, equivalent to Smith's Equisetopsida. The placement of Equisetales in subclass Equisetidae has subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern Orders
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaf, leaves called megaphylls that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled Fiddlehead fern, fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae (plant), Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, Psilotaceae, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. The fern crown group, consisting of the leptosporangiates and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equisetidae
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem. The Equisetidae were formerly regarded as a separate division of spore plants and called Equisetophyta, Arthrophyta, Calamophyta or Sphenophyta. When treated as a class, the names Equisetopsida s.s. and Sphenopsida have also been used. They are now recognized as rather close relatives of the ferns (Polypodiopsida) of which they form a specialized lineage. However, the division between the horsetails and the other ferns is so ancient that many botanists, especially paleobotanists, still regard this group as fundamentally separate at the higher level. Description The horsetails comprise photosynthesising, "segmented", hollow stems, sometimes filled with pith. At the ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, also known as the horsetail family, is a family of ferns and the only surviving family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', comprising about twenty species. Evolution and systematics Equisetaceae is the only surviving family of the Equisetales, a group with many fossils of large tree-like plants that possessed ribbed stems similar to modern horsetails. '' Pseudobornia'' is the oldest known relative of ''Equisetum''; it grew in the late Devonian, about 375 million years ago and is assigned to its own order. All living horsetails are placed in the genus ''Equisetum''. But there are some fossil species that are not assignable to the modern genus. '' Equisetites'' is a " wastebin taxon" uniting all sorts of large horsetails from the Mesozoic; it is almost certainly paraphyletic and would probably warrant being subsumed in ''Equisetum''. But while some of the species placed there are likely to be ancestral to the modern horsetails, there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neocalamites
''Neocalamites'' is an extinct genus of equisetalean plant. ''Neocalamites'' thrived during the Permian and Triassic, and occurs worldwide. Description According to Elgorriaga et al. 2018, characteristics of ''Neocalamites'' include: "(1) aerial stems with continuous ribs across nodes, (2) whorls of unfused leaves as in archaeocalamitacean plants, (3) compact strobili consisting of successive whorls of peltate sporangiophores, and (4) bearing six or more sporangia per sporangiophore as in equisetacean strobili." The leaves are similar to those of ''Annularia'' while the stems closely resemble those of ''Calamites''. It is disputed as to whether members of the genus have secondary xylem. ''Neocalamites'' is suggested to have had a herbaceous to shrub like habit. It is suggested to have grown in wet habitats, such as on the banks of rivers. Taxonomy Recent phylogenetic analysis has placed the genus as more closely related to modern Equisetaceae than to Calamitaceae. Cladogram a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamitaceae
Calamitaceae is an extinct Family (biology), family of Equisetales, equisetalean plants related to the modern horsetails, known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Some members of this family like ''Arthropitys'' attained tree-like stature, with heights over , with extensive underground rhizomes. They were largely found in wetland environments. Proposed genera and species of Calamitaceae * ''Annularia''. ** ''A. stellata''. * ''Arthropitys''. * ''Asterophyllites'' (or incorrectly ''Asterophyllum''). * ''Astromyelon''. * ''Calamites''. ** ''C. carinatus''. ** ''C. suckowi''. ** ''C. undulatus''. * ''Calamocarpon''. * ''Calamostachys''. ** ''C. binneyana''. * ''Cingularia''. * ''Mazostachys''. * ''Paleostachya''. References External links Link to information and pictures Equisetales Carboniferous plants Prehistoric plant families Fern families Carboniferous first appearances Carboniferous extinctions {{carboniferous-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equisetum
''Equisetum'' (; horsetail) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. ''Equisetum'' is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Equisetidae, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understorey of late Paleozoic forests. Some equisetids were large trees reaching to tall. The genus ''Calamites'' of the family Calamitaceae, for example, is abundant in coal deposits from the Carboniferous period. The pattern of spacing of nodes in horsetails, wherein those toward the apex of the shoot are increasingly close together, is said to have inspired John Napier to invent logarithms. Modern horsetails first appeared during the Jurassic period. A superficially similar but entirely unrelated flowering plant genus, mare's tail (''Hippuris''), is occasionally referred to as "horsetail", and adding to confusion, the name "mare's tail" is sometimes applied to ''Equis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous Plants
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the period during which both terrestrial animal and land plant life was well established. Stegocephalia (four-limbed vertebrates including true tetrapods), whose forerunners (tetrapodomor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllothecaceae
The prehistoric family Phyllothecaceae, of the plant order Equisetales, was erected in 1828, when Brongniart described the type species ''Phyllotheca australis'' coming from Hawkesbury River, Australia. It existed during the Permian Period The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the s .... References Equisetales Permian plants Prehistoric plant families Permian first appearances Permian genus extinctions Monogeneric plant families {{permian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
