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Equini
Equini is the only living tribe of the subfamily Equinae, which has lived worldwide (except Australia) since the Hemingfordian stage of the Middle Miocene (16–0 mya). It is considered to be a monophyletic clade.B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America Taxonomy Tribe: Equini * Genus: † '' Astrohippus'' * Genus: † '' Calippus'' * Genus: † ''Dinohippus'' * Genus: '' Equus'' – living horses, asses, and zebras * Genus: † ''Haringtonhippus'' North America extinct. c. 11,000 years ago * Genus: † ''Hippidion'' South America extinct. c. 11,000 years ago * Genus: † '' Onohippidium'' * Genus: † '' Pliohippus'' * Genus: † ''Protohippus ''Protohippus'' is an extinct three-toed genus of horse. It was roughly the size of a modern donkey. Fossil evidence suggests that it lived during the Late Miocene (Clarendonian to Hemphillian The Hemphillian North American Stage on the geologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Equinae
Equinae is a subfamily of the family Equidae, known from the Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene (16 million years ago) onwards. They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a monophyletic grouping. Members of the subfamily are referred to as equines; the only extant equines are the horses, asses, and zebra Zebras (, ) (subgenus ''Hippotigris'') are African equines with distinctive black-and-white striped coats. There are three living species: Grévy's zebra (''Equus grevyi''), the plains zebra (''E. quagga''), and the mountain zebra (''E. ...s of the genus ''Equus'', with two other genera '' Haringtonhippus'' and '' Hippidion'' becoming extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11–12,000 years ago. The subfamily contains two tribes, the Equini and the Hipparionini, as well as two unplaced genera, '' Merychippus'' and '' Scaphohippus''. Members of the family ancestrally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Onohippidium
''Hippidion'' (meaning ''little horse'') is an extinct genus of equine that lived in South America from the Late Pliocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian), between 2.5 million and 11,000 years ago. They were one of two lineages of equines native to South America during the Pleistocene epoch, alongside '' Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus''. Taxonomy Evolution Although early ancient DNA analysis studies suggested a close relationship with the wild horse, ''Equus ferus,'' this was later shown to be incorrect, with more complete sequences finding ''Hippidion'' as an outgroup to all living equines and less closely related to living equines than the North American "New World stilt legged horse", '' Haringtonhippus francisci.'' Cladogram shown below: ''Hippidion'' is part of a distinct lineage of equines belonging to the tribe Equini that are suggested to have diverged from the ancestors of living equines of the genus '' Equus'' at least 6 million years ago. The earliest mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Astrohippus
''Astrohippus'' is an extinct member of the Equidae tribe Equini, the same tribe that contains the only living equid genus, '' Equus''. Fossil remains have been found in the central United States, Florida, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Guanajuato. The fossils date in time from the oldest dating from the Barstovian in the Miocene to the youngest dating in the Hemphillian faunal stage of the early Pliocene. Based on study of the tooth morphology it is considered unlikely that ''Astrohippus'' could be an ancestor of modern horses, with the most likely ancestor of ''Astrohippus'' being '' Pliohippus''.MacFadden, B. J. (1984). "Astrohippus and Dinohippus". ''J. Vert. Paleon''. 4(2):273–283. The species '' Astrohippus ansae'' was originally described by W. D. Matthew and R. A. Stirton based on several cheek teeth found in the Coffee Ranch quarry, Hemphill County, Texas. This quarry has produced the remains of six other equid genera including ''Dinohippus'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Dinohippus
''Dinohippus'' ( Greek: "Terrible horse") is an extinct equid which was endemic to North America from the late Hemphillian stage of the Miocene through the Zanclean stage of the Pliocene (10.3—3.6 mya) and in existence for approximately . Fossils are widespread throughout North America, being found at more than 30 sites from Florida to Alberta and from Mexico all the way down to Panama ( Alajuela Formation). This most numerous fossils of Dinohippus have been unearthed in the Western United States in Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an .... Taxonomy Quinn originally referred ''"Pliohippus" mexicanus'' to ''Dinohippus'', but unpublished cladistic results in an SVP 2018 conference abstract suggest that ''mexicanus'' is instead m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Haringtonhippus
''Haringtonhippus'' is an extinct genus of equine from the Pleistocene of North America The genus is monospecific, consisting of the species ''H. francisci'', initially described in 1915 by Oliver Perry Hay as ''Equus francisci''. Members of the genus are often referred to as stilt-legged horses, in reference to their slender distal limb bones, in contrast with those of contemporary "stout legged" caballine true horses. ''Haringtonhippus'' fossils have only been discovered in North America. Specimens have been found from southern Mexico to southern South Dakota and in Alberta, Canada, at sites such as Gypsum Cave and Natural Trap Cave, as well as eastern Beringia in Yukon A later study found that ''Equus cedralensis'' from the Late Pleistocene of Mexico also belonged to this species. The earliest species of the lineage appeared in North America during the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, around 2 to 3 Ma. It became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Protohippus
''Protohippus'' is an extinct three-toed genus of horse. It was roughly the size of a modern donkey. Fossil evidence suggests that it lived during the Late Miocene (Clarendonian to Hemphillian The Hemphillian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is a North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 10,300,000 to 4,900,000 years BP. It is usually considered t ...), from about 13.6 Ma to 5.3 Ma. Analysis of ''Protohippus'' skull and teeth suggests that it is most closely related to the genus '' Calippus''. Species * ''P. vetus'' * ''P. perditus'' * ''P. supremus'' (also ''P. simus'') * ''P. gidleyi'' See also * '' Eohippus'' * '' Mesohippus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3408120 Miocene horses Prehistoric placental genera Miocene mammals of North America Clarendonian Hemphillian Fossil taxa described in 1858 Taxa named by Joseph Leidy Equini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Pliohippus
''Pliohippus'' (Greek (, "more") and (, "horse")) is an extinct genus of Equidae, the horse family. ''Pliohippus'' arose in the middle Miocene, around 15 million years ago. The long and slim limbs of ''Pliohippus'' reveal a quick-footed steppe animal. While some specimens have one toe per leg, others have three (the main toe and two non-functional side toes). Until recently, because of its many anatomical similarities, ''Pliohippus'' was believed to be the ancestor of the present-day horse and its relatives in '' Equus''. Although ''Pliohippus'' clearly is an equid Equidae (commonly known as the horse family) is the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family of Wild horse, horses and related animals, including Asinus, asses, zebra, zebras, and many extinct species known only from fossils. The fa ... and thus related to ''Equus'', its skull had deep facial ''fossae'', a feature not found in any member of ''Equus''. Additionally, its teeth were strongly curved, unli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Calippus (mammal)
''Calippus'' is an extinct genus of hoofed mammals in the horse family (Equidae), known from the Middle Miocene through the Early Pliocene of North and Central America. Fossils have been found in the Central United States and the Eastern United States The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It includes 17–26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital. As of 2011, the Eastern ..., ranging south to Honduras. These equines had high crowned teeth and a quadrangular, wide muzzle, and were small compared to their contemporary relatives, with ''C. elachistus'' weighing 49 kg, ''C. cerasinus'' weighing 102 kg, 132 kg for ''C. theristes'' and 73 kg for ''C. mccartyi''. References Miocene horses Pliocene Perissodactyla Prehistoric placental genera Neogene mammals of North America Barstovian Clarendonian Hemphillian Blancan Fossil ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Equus (genus)
''Equus'' () is a genus of mammals in the perissodactyl family (biology), family Equidae, which includes wild horse, horses, Asinus, asses, and zebras. Within the Equidae, ''Equus'' is the only recognized Extant taxon, extant genus, comprising seven living species. Like Equidae more broadly, ''Equus'' has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus originated in North America and dispersed into the Old World and South America during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Equinae, Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies), and long tails. All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers, with simpler digestive systems than Ruminantia, ruminants but able to subsist on lower-quality vegetation. While the domestic horse and donkey (along with their feral horse, feral descendants) exist worldwide, wild equine populations are limited to Africa and Asia. Wild equine social systems are in two forms; a H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Miocene Horses
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the connections between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |