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Environmental Testing
Environmental testing is the measurement of the performance of equipment under specified environmental conditions. This can include the following: * High and low extreme temperatures * Temperature cycling * Sand and dust exposure * Salt spray * High and low humidity * Wet environments * Deep water submersion * Corrosive material exposure * Algae and microbial exposure * Shock and vibrations, including gun fire * High and low pressure * Pressure cycling * Electromagnetic interference Such tests are most commonly performed on equipment used in military, maritime, aeronautical and space applications. Standards Environmental test standards include: * MIL-STD-810 * MIL-HDBK-2036 * IEC 60068 * IEC 60945 * RTCA DO-160 * MIL-STD-461 See also *Environmental stress screening Environmental stress screening (ESS) refers to the process of exposing a newly manufactured or repaired product or component (typically electronic) to stresses such as thermal cycling and vibration in order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institute Of Standards And Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness. NIST's activities are organized into Outline of physical science, physical science laboratory programs that include Nanotechnology, nanoscale science and technology, engineering, information technology, neutron research, material measurement, and physical measurement. From 1901 to 1988, the agency was named the National Bureau of Standards. History Background The Articles of Confederation, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided: The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States. Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution of the United States, ratified i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TÜV SÜD
TÜVs (; short for , ) are internationally active, independent service companies from Germany and Austria that test, inspect and certify technical systems, facilities and objects of all kinds in order to minimize hazards and prevent damages. The TÜV companies are organized into three large holding companies, TÜV Nord, TÜV Rheinland and TÜV SÜD (with TÜV Hessen), along with the smaller independent companies TÜV Thüringen, TÜV Saarland and TÜV Austria. History With the increasing number and efficiency of steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, there had been more and more accidents caused by exploding (or more precisely, bursting) boilers. After the explosion of the boiler at the Mannheim Aktienbrauerei in January 1865, the idea was pursued there to subject boilers to regular inspections on a voluntary basis, as was already the case in Great Britain. Twenty boiler owners in Baden joined in the plans and finally founded the ''Gesellschaft zur Überwachung und Ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect is a searchable web-based bibliographic database, which provides access to full texts of scientific and medical publications of the Dutch publisher Elsevier as well of several small academic publishers. It hosts over 18 million publications from more than 4,000 academic journals and 30,000 e-books. The access to the full-text requires subscription, while the bibliographic metadata are free to read. ScienceDirect was launched by Elsevier in March 1997. Usage The journals are grouped into four main sections: *''Physical Sciences and Engineering'' *''Life Sciences'' *''Health Sciences'' *''Social Sciences and Humanities''. Article abstracts are freely available, and access to their full texts (in PDF and, for newer publications, also HTML) generally requires a subscription or pay-per-view purchase unless the content is freely available in open access. Papers published under several open access licenses are available on ScienceDirect without cost. Access to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperature Cycling
Temperature cycling (or thermal cycling, or temperature cycle) is the process of cycling through two temperature extremes, typically at relatively high rates of change. It is an environmental stress test used in evaluating product reliability as well as in manufacturing to catch early-term, latent defects by inducing failure through thermal fatigue Fatigue is a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy. It is a signs and symptoms, symptom of any of various diseases; it is not a disease in itself. Fatigue (in the medical sense) is sometimes associated wit .... For machines that are operated at high temperatures, temperature cycling is a regular phenomenon that repeats with every period of use. Due to the repeated switching of the machine’s environment from a low-temperature to a high-temperature environment and back, thermal stresses are generated as a consequence of the repeated expansion and contraction of its material. It can also lead to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIL-STD-810
MIL-STD-810, U.S. Department of Defense Test Method Standard, Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests, is a United States Military Standard that specifies environmental tests to determine whether equipment is suitably designed to survive the conditions that it would experience throughout its service life. The standard establishes chamber test methods that replicate the effects of environments on the equipment rather than imitating the environments themselves. Although prepared specifically for U.S. military applications, the standard is often applied for commercial products as well. The standard's guidance and test methods are intended to: * define environmental stress sequences, durations, and levels of equipment life cycles; * be used to develop analysis and test criteria tailored to the equipment and its environmental life cycle; * evaluate equipment's performance when exposed to a life cycle of environmental stresses * identify deficiencies, shortcomings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC 60068
IEC 60068 is an international standard for the environmental testing of electrotechnical products that is published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC 60068 is a collection of methods for environmental testing of electronic equipment and products to assess their ability to perform under environmental conditions including extreme cold and dry heat. IEC 60068 offers appropriate severities and prescribes various environmental conditions for measurements and tests. IEC 60068 has three parts: * IEC 60068-1: General and guidance * IEC 60068-2: Tests * IEC 60068-3: Supporting documentation and guidance Tests Some of the tests have been withdrawn, replaced, or merged with other documents or standards. IEC 60068-2-1 - Test A: Cold IEC 60068-2-2 - Test B: Dry heat IEC 60068-2-5 - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering IEC 60068-2-6 - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-7 - Test Ga and gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC 60945
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; ) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology, and marine energy, as well as many others. The IEC also manages four global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its international standards. All electrotechnologies are covered by IEC Standards, including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics, electroacoustics, multimedia, telecommunications and medical technology Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
