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Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, in 2007, was circumscribed for them. Most species of the entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus '' Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name "entomophthorales" is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Named after genus '' Entomophthora'' in 1856. Highlighted species * ''Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * '' Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * '' Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * '' Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * '' Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * '' Pandora'', including '' Pandora neoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandora (fungus)
''Pandora'' is a genus of fungus, fungi within the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It was initially formed by Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997), as a subgenus of ''Zoophthora''.Batko, A. 1966. Acta Mycologica, 2, 15-21. Then American mycologist Richard A. Humber raised it to the genus level. The genus name of ''Pandora'' is derived from the Latin word ''pando'' which means “to become curved” or “to sag” and the generic suffix “ra” thus describing conidia, which are often with weakly outlined bilateral symmetry. They are on one side (abdominal) slightly flattened and on the opposite (dorsal) side, more convex, on the third (lateral) side, they are somewhat curved towards the abdominal side and slightly asymmetrical. It has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is best known by its representative ''Pandora neoaphidis'', which acts as an obligate pathogen in various species of aphids. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristacraceae
''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and '' Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; '' Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and '' Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because these fungi all produce a simp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massospora Cicadina
''Massospora cicadina'' is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's Abdomen#Other animals, abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada. Systematics ''M. cicadina'' belongs to the phylum Zoopagomycota, subphylum Entomophthoromycota, and order Entomophthorales. About a dozen other species of ''Massospora'' are known, each of which attacks a specific species of cicada. Discovery In 1845, John H. B. Latrobe read a memoir of Benjamin Banneker at a meeting of the Maryland Center for History and Culture, Maryland Historical Society. Latrobe reported that Banneker had in April 1800 described in his record book some of the characteristics of the periodical cicada, whose Brood X would soon begin emerging where he lived. In his description, Banneker wrote that the insects: ... begin to Sing or make a noise from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylistaceae
The ''Ancylistaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The family currently contains the genera: ''Ancylistes (fungus), Ancylistes'', ''Macrobiotophthora'', ''Conidiobolus''. ''Capillidium'' was added in 2020, it was once thought to be a sub-genus of ''Conidiobolus''. ''Microconidiobolus'' and ''Neoconidiobolus'' were also added in 2020. Brief taxonomic history This family was originally an order thought to be included with the aquatic Phycomycetes and included members of Oomycota. It was Helen Berenice Berdan, Helen Berdan,Helen Berdan Mycologia, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1938), pp. 396-415 who determined that ''Ancylistes'' belonged to order Entomophthorales.Sparrow, FK. 1960. Aquatic Phycomycetes. 2nd edition. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Later, the Oomycetes were removed as were several zygomycete genera. Morphology The mycelium is coenocytic or irregularly septate. The Cell nucleus, nuclei are small. During i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neozygitaceae
Neozygitaceae is a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The family was circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ... in 1987. Originally created to contain the genera '' Neozygites'' and '' Thaxterosporium'', the family was distinguished from other similar Entomophthorales families by differences in its nuclear structure, and behaviour during mitosis. The genus '' Apterivorax'' was erected and added to the family in 2005. Genus ''Thaxterosporium'' has since been synonymised with ''Neozygites''. References Entomophthorales Ascomycota families Taxa described in 1987 {{Fungus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthora Muscae
''Entomophthora muscae'' is a species of pathogenic fungus in the order Entomophthorales which causes a fatal disease in flies. It can cause epizootic outbreaks of disease in houseflies and has been investigated as a potential biological control agent. Life cycle Soon after a fly dies from infection with this pathogenic fungus, large primary conidia are produced at the apex of a conidiophore which emerge from the intersegmental membranes. When the spores are mature they are forcibly ejected and may fall onto flies resting nearby. If no hosts are available for infection, a smaller secondary conidium may develop. Once on a fly, the conidia germinate within a few hours and a germ tube begins to penetrate the insect's cuticle. Once this reaches the haemocoel, the protoplast flows through the tube and into the fly's haemolymph. The mycelium of the fungus may grow into an area of the brain that controls the behaviour of the fly, forcing it to land on a surface and crawl upwards. The hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygomycetes
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Some are parasites of plants, insects, and small animals, while others form symbiotic relationships with plants. Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae. Zygomycota is no longer recognised as it was not believed to be truly monophyletic. Etymology The name ''Zygomycota'' refers to the zygosporangia characteristically formed by the members of this clade, in which resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction. ''Zygos'' is Greek for "joining" or "a yoke", referring to the fusion of two hyphal strands which produces these spores, and ''-mycota'' is a suffix referring to a division of fungi. Spores The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthora
''Entomophthora'' is a fungal genus in the family Entomophthoraceae. Species in this genus are parasitism, parasitic on Diptera, flies and other two-winged insects. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by German physician Georg Fresenius, Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang Fresenius (1808–1866) in 1856.Fresenius, G. 1856. Botanische Zeitung 14, 882-883. This fungus is parasitic and undergoes a number of stages within its life cycle, these include: infection, incubation, sporulation and mummification. Within each stage, this pathogen invades the host's body cells, utilising the insect's nutrients allowing it to take control over the brain just before the host's death. Entomophthora reproduces asexual reproduction, asexually through both budding and spores. When in the host's body, the pathogen utilises budding as a form of growth. This is done through a fungus cell developing a bud (daughter cell) on the parent cell. The parent cell then replicates its DNA and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
