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Energy In California
Energy is a major area of the economy of California. California is the state with the largest population and the largest economy in the United States. It is second in energy consumption after Texas. , per capita consumption was the fourth-lowest in the United States partially because of the mild climate and Efficient energy use, energy efficiency programs. Energy consumption in California is dominated by transportation, due to the high number of motor vehicles and long commutes. California also is responsible for about 20% of total jet fuel consumption in the United States. The second largest energy sector is industry. Energy consumption of the state's residential sector per capita is lower than that of any other state except Hawaii thanks to a relatively mild climate. California has large energy resources, being among the top producers of oil, hydroelectricity, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy in the United States. Electricity Natural gas-fired power plants typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Rig From Seal Beach Pier
An oil is any chemical polarity, nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobe, hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilicity, lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surfactant, surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal fats, animal, vegetable oil, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be Volatility (chemistry), volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents. Etymology First attested in English 1176, the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heatwave
A heat wave or heatwave, sometimes described as extreme heat, is a period of abnormally hot weather generally considered to be at least ''five consecutive days''. A heat wave is usually measured relative to the usual climate in the area and to normal temperatures for the season. The main difficulties with this broad definition emerge when one must quantify what the 'normal' temperature state is, and what the spatial extent of the event may or must be. Temperatures that humans from a hotter climate consider normal can be regarded as a heat wave in a cooler area. This would be the case if the warm temperatures are outside the normal climate pattern for that area. Heat waves have become more frequent, and more intense over land, across almost every area on Earth since the 1950s, the increase in frequency and duration being caused by climate change. Heat waves form when a high-pressure area in the upper atmosphere strengthens and remains over a region for several days up to seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Concerned Scientists
The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States. The UCS membership includes many private citizens in addition to professional scientists. Anne Kapuscinski, Professor of Environmental Studies and Director of the Coastal Science and Policy Program at the University of California, Santa Cruz, chairs the UCS Board of Directors , having replaced James J. McCarthy, Professor of Biological Oceanography at Harvard University and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. History The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded in 1969 by faculty and students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The organization's founding document says it was formed to "initiate a critical and continuing examination of governmental policy in areas where science and technology are of actual or potential significance" and to "devise means for turning research applications away from the present emphasis o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curtailment (electricity)
In the electric power industry, curtailment is an involuntary reduction of the electric generator output ("dispatch down") made to maintain the grid stability (for example, for the grid balancing). While curtailment is a standard technique that had been applied throughout the history of electric power production, in the 21st century it became an economic issue for the owners of wind and solar generators. These variable renewable energy plants, due to the absence of an expendable resource (like fuel), have quite low marginal cost of the electricity production, so curtailment affects the economics of the project in a much more significant way than in the case of conventional units. Curtailment is a loss of potentially useful energy, and may impact power purchase agreements. However, using all available energy may require costly methods such as building new power lines or storage, becoming more expensive than letting surplus power go unused. Examples After ERCOT built a new t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Path 46
Path 46, also called West of Colorado River, Arizona-California West-of-the-River Path (WOR), is a set of fourteen high voltage (500 kV & 230 kV) alternating-current transmission lines that are located in southeast California and Nevada up to the Colorado River. This power transmission system has a capacity of 10.6 gigawatts from east to west, and sends electric power to Southern California's massive population centers of Los Angeles and San Diego from many different sources, including hydroelectric dams (Hoover Dam on the Colorado River), nuclear plants ( Palo Verde Nuclear Plant, near Phoenix, Arizona), and more recently, utility-scale solar plants ( Ivanpah Solar Power Facility) Individual power lines of Path 46 Supporting system (230 kV only): * El Centro – Imperial Valley 230 kV * Ramon – Mirage 230 kV * Coachella – Mirage 230 kV Southern System (500 kV only): * North Gila – Imperial Valley 500 kV * Palo Verde – Devers 500 kV No.1 Northern System: * Marketpl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Path 66
California Oregon Intertie (COI), identified as Path 66 by Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), is a corridor of three roughly parallel 500 kV alternating current power lines connecting the electric grids of Oregon and California. Their combined power transmission capacity is 4800 MW. Two of the power lines run from Malin Substation () southeast of Klamath Falls, Oregon to Round Mountain Substation northeast of Redding, California. One of them is owned by Western Area Power Administration, with the other owned by Pacific Gas and Electric and PacifiCorp jointly. These lines are a part of Pacific AC Intertie and were completed in the 1960s. The third line runs from Captain Jack Substation near Malin to Olinda Substation south of Redding. It is a part of California-Oregon Transmission Project. The project manager is the Transmission Agency of Northern California (TANC), a joint venture of several public utilities. The line was completed in 1993. Route Path 66 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Path 15
Path 15 is an portion of the north–south electric power transmission, power transmission corridor in California, U.S. It forms a part of the Pacific AC Intertie and the California-Oregon Transmission Project. Path 15 is part of The Western Electricity Coordinating Council's links of electrical WECC Intertie Paths, intertie paths in the western United States. Path 15, along with the Pacific DC Intertie running far to the east, forms an important transmission interconnection with the Hydroelectricity, hydroelectric plants to the north and the fossil fuel plants to the south. Most of the three Alternating Current, AC 500 volt, kV lines were built by Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) south of Tesla substation. Path 15 consists of three lines at 500 kV and four lines at 230 kV. The 500 kV lines connect Los Banos, California, Los Banos to Gates and Los Banos to Midway. All four 230 kV lines have Gates at one end with the other ends at Panoche, Cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of newspapers in the United States, sixth-largest newspaper in the U.S. and the largest in the Western United States with a print circulation of 118,760. It has 500,000 online subscribers, the fifth-largest among U.S. newspapers. Owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by California Times, the paper has won over 40 Pulitzer Prizes since its founding. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to Trade union, labor unions, the latter of which led to the Los Angeles Times bombing, bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. As with other regional newspapers in California and the United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peak Load
Peak demand on an electrical grid is the highest electrical power demand that has occurred over a specified time period (Gönen 2008). Peak demand is typically characterized as annual, daily or seasonal and has the unit of power. Peak demand, peak load or on-peak are terms used in energy demand management describing a period in which electrical power is expected to be provided for a sustained period at a significantly higher than average supply level. Peak demand fluctuations may occur on daily, monthly, seasonal and yearly cycles. For an electric utility company, the actual point of peak demand is a single half-hour or hourly period which represents the highest point of customer consumption of electricity. At this time there is a combination of office, domestic demand and at some times of the year, the fall of darkness. Some utilities will charge customers based on their individual peak demand. The highest demand during each month or even a single 15 to 30 minute period of high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grid Storage
Grid, The Grid, or GRID may refer to: Space partitioning * Regular grid, a tessellation of space with translational symmetry, typically formed from parallelograms or higher-dimensional analogs ** Grid graph, a graph structure with nodes connected in a regular grid ** Square grid, a grid of squares ** Triangular grid, a grid of triangles ** Hexagonal grid, a grid of hexagons ** Unstructured grid, a tessellation of a space by simple shapes such as triangles or tetrahedra in an irregular pattern * Grid reference system, a coordinate system relative to a particular map projection * Grid (spatial index), a discretization of a geometric domain into a set of contiguous cells, used to organize information ** Discrete global grid (DGG), a grid that covers the entire Earth's surface * Grid (graphic design) (or typographic grid), organized lines for guiding graphic design * Grid plan, a city design with streets running at right angles * Grid paper, paper with a regular grid printe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Independent System Operator
The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) is a non-profit Independent System Operator (ISO) serving California. It oversees the operation of California's bulk electric power system, transmission lines, and electricity market generated and transmitted by its member utilities. CAISO is one of the largest ISOs in the world, delivering 300 million megawatt-hours of electricity each year and managing about 80% of California's electric flow. History The California Legislature created CAISO in 1998 as part of the state restructuring of electricity markets. The legislature was responding to Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) recommendations following the passage of the federal Energy Policy Act of 1992, which removed barriers to competition in the wholesale generation of electricity business. FERC regulates CAISO because interstate transmission lines fall under the jurisdiction of federal commerce laws. Management CAISO's leadership consists of executive managem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alameda, California
Alameda ( ; ; Spanish for "Avenue (landscape), tree-lined path") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, located in the East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area), East Bay region of the Bay Area. The city is built on an informal archipelago in San Francisco Bay, consisting of Alameda (island), Alameda Island, Bay Farm Island, Alameda, California, Bay Farm Island and Coast Guard Island, along with other smaller islands. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city's population was 78,280. History Ohlone era Alameda originally occupied a peninsula connected to Oakland, California, Oakland. The area was low-lying and marshy, while higher ground was part of one of the largest coastal oak forests in the world. A local band of the Ohlone tribe inhabited the region for more than 3,000 years. They were present at the time of the arrival of the Spanish in the late 18th century. The Ohlone created numerous oyster shell mounds across the peninsula, some as large as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
