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Electrical Grid
An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power distribution to customers. In that last step, voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage. Power stations are typically built close to energy sources and far from densely populated areas. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. From small to large there are microgrids, wide area synchronous grids, and super grids. The combined transmission and distribution network is part of electricity delivery, known as the ''power grid''. Grids are nearly always synchronous, meaning all distribution areas operate with three phase alternating current (AC) frequencies synchronized (so that voltage swings occur at almost the same ...
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Electricity Grid Simple- North America
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The motion of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, Coulomb's law determines the force acting on an electric charge. Electric potential is the work done to move an electric charge from one point to another within an electric field, typically measured in volts. Electricity plays a central role in many modern technologies, serving in electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment, and in electronics dealing wi ...
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Lahij
Lahij or Lahej (), formerly called Al-Hawtah, is a city and an area located between Ta'izz and Aden in Yemen. From the 18th to the 20th century, its rulers were of the Abdali branch of the Al-Sallami tribe who trace their lineage to one of the 10 tribes of Yaffa called Kalad. Lahij was the capital city of the Sultanate of Lahej, a protectorate of the British Empire until 1967, when the sultan was expelled and the city became a part of People's Republic of South Yemen. When Yemen Arab Republic and South Yemen merged on 22 May 1990, Lahij became part of the Republic of Yemen. It is located in the delta of the Wadi Tuban on the main trade route connecting Aden with Ta'izz, Ibb, and Sanaa. Al-Hawtah is known for the shrine of al-Salih Muzahim Ja'far, which attracts pilgrims from throughout Yemen during the month of Rajab. It is known as "al-Hawtah al-Ja'fariyyah" in his honor. History The capital of Lahj used to be at al-Ra'ra', which was destroyed when the Ottomans conquered th ...
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IPS/UPS
The IPS/UPS (), also widely known as the Russian grid is a wide area synchronous transmission grid, the Russian Unified Power System (UPS; ) and the Integrated Power System (IPS; ) portion of the network being the national networks of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 gigawatts, and produces 1,200 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year for its 280 million customers. The system spans eight time zones. Background The development of electric power industry and power lines in the Soviet Union (USSR) was associated with the GOELRO plan. Subsequently the connection of the lines of the republics including the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was organized into the "United Energy System" (UES) of the USSR. On 25 July 1962, within the framework of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, the German Demo ...
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Gigawatts
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named in honor of James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776, which became fundamental for the Industrial Revolution. Overview When an object's velocity is held constant at one meter per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is one watt. \mathrm. In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit). \mat ...
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Synchronous Grid Of Continental Europe
The Continental Europe Synchronous Area (CESA), formerly known as the UCTE grid, is one of the largest synchronous electrical grids in the world, primarily operating in Europe. It is interconnected as a single phase-locked mains frequency electricity grid that supplies over customers in , including most of the European Union. In 2009, of production capacity was connected to the grid, providing approximately of operating reserve margin. The transmission system operators operating this grid formed the Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE), now part of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E). Area The synchronous grid of continental Europe covers territory of the ENTSO-E continental Europe regional group and some neighbouring countries not involved in the ENTSO-E. As of 2025, the synchronous grid includes all or parts of the following countries: * * * * * * * * (West) * * * * * * * * * * ...
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Texas Interconnection
The Texas Interconnection is an alternating current (AC) power grid – a wide area synchronous grid – that covers most of the state of Texas. The grid is managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). The Texas Interconnection is one of the three minor grids in the North American power transmission grid. The other two minor interconnections are the Quebec Interconnection and the Alaska Interconnection. The two major interconnections are the Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection. The Texas Interconnection is maintained as a separate grid for political, rather than technical reasons, but can draw some power from other grids using direct current ''DC ties''. By not crossing state lines, the synchronous power grid is in most respects not subject to federal ( Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) regulation. All of the electric utilities in the Texas Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions a ...
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Quebec Interconnection
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast and a coastal border with the territory of Nunavut. In the south, it shares a border with the United States. Between 1534 and 1763, what is now Quebec was the French colony of ''Canada'' and was the most developed colony in New France. Following the Seven Years' War, ''Canada'' became a British colony, first as the Province of Quebec (1763–1791), then Lower Canada (1791–1841), and lastly part of the Province of Canada (1841–1867) as a result of the Lower Canada Rebellion. It was confederated with Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1867. Until the early 1960s, the Catholic Church played a large role in the social and cultural institutions in Quebec. However, the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s to 1980s increased the role of the Government of Que ...
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Eastern Interconnection
The Eastern Interconnection is one of the two major alternating current, alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in the North American power transmission grid. The other major wide area synchronous grid, interconnection is the Western Interconnection. The three minor interconnections are the Quebec Interconnection, Quebec, Alaska Interconnection, Alaska, and Texas Interconnection, Texas interconnections. All of the electric utilities in the Eastern Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and wide area synchronous grid, operate at a synchronized frequency at an average of 60 Hz. The Eastern Interconnection reaches from Central Canada eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), south to Florida, and back to the western Great Plains (excluding most of Texas). Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permi ...
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Western Interconnection
The Western Interconnection is a wide area synchronous grid and one of the two major alternating current, alternating current (AC) power grids in the North American power transmission grid. The other major wide area synchronous grid is the Eastern Interconnection. The minor interconnections are the Québec Interconnection, the Texas Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnections. All of the electric utilities in the Western Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency of 60 Hz. The Western Interconnection stretches from Western Canada south to Baja California in Mexico, reaching eastward over the Rocky Mountains, Rockies to the Great Plains. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties) such as the north-south Pacific DC Intertie, or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also func ...
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CleanTechnica
''CleanTechnica'' is a US-based online audio and video media company, that operates a website under the same name, dedicated to aggregating news in clean technology, sustainable energy, and Electric vehicle, electric vehicles, with a focus on Tesla, Inc., Tesla. It is a privately held company founded in 2008. Content CleanTechnica's stories have been cited by ''Business Insider'' (on Lindsey Graham), Reuters (on nanotech for energy storage), ThinkProgress (on wind power in Texas), ''The Washington Post'' (on suburban living), and ''Slate (magazine), Slate'' (on medical mask stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic). ''ThinkProgress'' have also published their stories in full. CleanTechnica has published interviews with people such as the Post Carbon Institute Fellow Richard Heinberg. Staff The Chief Editor, main writer and CEO is Zach Shahan. Apart from its own staff, CleanTechnica have accepted guest contributions from others, such as California Governor (then mayor of San ...
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Sonoma, California
Sonoma () is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Sonoma is one of the principal cities of California's Wine Country and the center of the Sonoma Valley AVA. Sonoma's population was 10,739 as of the 2020 census,''Population.''
In: ''QuickFacts: Sonoma city, California.'' Census, April 1, 2020. Census.gov. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
while the Sonoma urban area had a population of 31,479. Sonoma is a popular tourist destination, owing to its Californian wineries, noted events like the