Echiurans
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Echiurans
The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a small group of marine animals. Once treated as a separate phylum, they are now considered to belong to Annelida. Annelids typically have their bodies divided into segments, but echiurans have secondarily lost their segmentation. The majority of echiurans live in burrows in soft sediment in shallow water, but some live in rock crevices or under boulders, and there are also deep sea forms. More than 230 species have been described. Spoon worms are cylindrical, soft-bodied animals usually possessing a non-retractable proboscis which can be rolled into a scoop-shape to feed. In some species the proboscis is ribbon-like, longer than the trunk and may have a forked tip. Spoon worms vary in size from less than a centimetre in length to more than a metre. Most are deposit feeders, collecting detritus from the sea floor. Fossils of these worms are seldom found and the earliest known fossil specimen is from the Middle Ordovician. Taxonomy and evolutio ...
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Annelida
The annelids (), also known as the segmented worms, are animals that comprise the phylum Annelida (; ). The phylum contains over 22,000 extant species, including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments. The annelids are Symmetry in biology, bilaterally symmetrical, Triploblasty, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have Parapodium, parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistics, Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Siboglinidae, Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previ ...
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Annelid
The annelids (), also known as the segmented worms, are animals that comprise the phylum Annelida (; ). The phylum contains over 22,000 extant species, including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments. The annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previously regarded as separate phyla, are now regarded as sub-grou ...
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Urechis Caupo
''Urechis caupo'' is a species of Echiura, spoon worm in the family Urechidae, commonly known as the innkeeper echiuran, the fat innkeeper worm (because their tunnels often contain other animals), the innkeeper worm, or the penis fish. It is found in shallow water on the west coast of North America, between southern Oregon and Baja California, where it forms a U-shaped burrow in the sediment and feeds on plankton using a mucus net. Description ''Urechis caupo'' is a plump, unsegmented, cylindrical pink worm growing to a length of up to 7 inches, with 5.5 inches being a more typical length. There are a pair of setae (bristles) on the ventral surface at the anterior end, and a distinctive ring of about ten setae around the anus at the posterior end. The proboscis is short. Distribution and habitat Shallow water in the northeastern Pacific Ocean is the habitat of ''U. caupo''; its range extends from southern Oregon to northern Baja California. It lives in a burrow in muddy sand in ...
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Bonelliidae
Bonelliidae is a family of marine worms (Subclass Echiura, of the class Polychaeta, in the phylum Annelida) noted for being sexually dimorphic, with males being tiny in comparison with the females. They occupy burrows in the seabed in many parts of the world's oceans, often at great depths. Characteristics Members of the class Echiura are plump, unsegmented worms, commonly known as spoonworms. The mouth is at the anterior end of the trunk and a flattened proboscis extends forward in front of the mouth. The ventral side of the proboscis has a ciliated channel along which food particles and mucus are moved towards the mouth. Close behind the mouth are two hooked chaetae and one or two nephridial pores. The gut is much longer than the body and is folded and coiled inside the coelom (body cavity). The anus is at the posterior end of the body and two anal vesicles with ciliated funnels open into the cloaca. In the family Bonelliidae, the females are very much larger than the dwarf m ...
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Ikedidae
Ikedidae is a family of spoon worms in the suborder Bonelliida. It is a monotypic family, the only genus being ''Ikeda''. These worms burrow into soft sediment on the seabed. Examination of the original material of '' Ikeda taenoides'' by Teruaki Nishikawa in 2002 showed that the longitudinal muscle layer lay between the circular layer and the oblique layer, as in all other echiurans, throwing the validity of the family Ikedidae into doubt. Nishikawa advocates that the family be regarded as a junior synonym of Echiuridae. Species The World Register of Marine Species recognises the following species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... in the genus:- *'' Ikeda pirotansis'' ( Menon & DattaGupta, 1962) *'' Ikeda taenioides'' ( Ikeda, 1904) References Echiura ...
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Echiurida
Echiurida is a suborder of the order Echiuroidea, an order of polychaete worms. Families The following families are classified within the suborder: * Echiuridae Quatrefages, 1847 *Thalassematidae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841 *Urechidae Monro Monro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: In science and education * Alexander Monro (primus), the founder of Edinburgh Medical School * Alexander Monro (secundus), Scottish anatomist, physician and medical educator * Alexander ..., 1927 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18668416 Echiurans ...
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Echiuridae
Echiuridae is a family of spoon worms in the suborder Echiurida. It is a monotypic family, the only genus being ''Echiurus''. These worms burrow into soft sediment on the seabed. Species The World Register of Marine Species recognises the following species in the genus:- * '' Echiurus abyssalis'' Skorikow, 1906 * '' Echiurus antarcticus'' Spengel, 1912 * ''Echiurus echiurus ''Echiurus echiurus'' is a species of spoon worm in the family Echiuridae. It is found in the North Atlantic Ocean and a subspecies is found in Alaska. It burrows into soft sediment and under boulders and stones in muddy places. Description Th ...'' (Pallas, 1766) * '' Echiurus sitchaensis'' Brandt, 1835 References {{Authority control Echiurans Annelid families Monogeneric protostome families ...
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Thalassematidae
Thalassematidae is a family of spoonworms in the suborder Echiurida. Genera The World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ... includes these genera in this family:- *'' Anelassorhynchus'' Annandale, 1922 *'' Arhynchite'' Satô, 1937 *'' Ikedosoma'' Bock, 1942 *'' Lissomyema'' Fisher, 1946 *'' Listriolobus'' Fischer, 1926 *'' Ochetostoma'' Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 *'' Thalassema'' Pallas, 1774 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q43641001 Echiurans Annelid families ...
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Urechidae
Urechidae (commonly known as "fat innkeeper" or "penis fish") is a Family (biology), family of Echiura, spoonworms in the subclass Echiura. The only genus in the family is ''Urechis'', which has four species. Species The World Register of Marine Species includes these species in this genus:- *''Urechis caupo'' Walter Kenrick Fisher, Fisher & George MacGinitie, MacGinitie, 1928 *''Urechis chilensis'' (M. Müller, 1852) *''Urechis novaezealandiae'' (Arthur Dendy, Dendy, 1898) *''Urechis unicinctus'' (Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg, Drasche, 1880) References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q11848917, from2=Q2806041 Echiurans Annelid families ...
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Echiurus Echiurus
''Echiurus echiurus'' is a species of spoon worm in the family Echiuridae. It is found in the North Atlantic Ocean and a subspecies is found in Alaska. It burrows into soft sediment and under boulders and stones in muddy places. Description This spoon worm has a roughly cylindrical trunk between long. At the anterior end of the trunk, just beside the mouth, a scoop-shaped proboscis about long extends forward. The trunk has about 22 rings of papillae, a ring of larger papillae alternating with several rings of smaller papillae. A pair of hooked chaetae (chitinous bristles) is borne just behind the mouth on the underside of the worm and there are two rings of chaetae on the posterior end of the trunk, near the anus. Internally, the rectum is partially obscured by two long anal diverticula with ciliated funnels. Externally, the trunk is greyish-brown while the proboscis is orange with brownish streaks. Distribution ''Echiurus echiurus'' has a holarctic distribution, extending s ...
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Bonelliida
Bonelliida is a suborder of the order Echiuroidea, an order of polychaete Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine Annelid, annelid worms, common name, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called c ... worms. Families The following families are classified within the suborder: * Bonelliidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1858 * Ikedidae Bock, 1942 References Echiurans {{annelid-stub ...
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Gephyrea
Gephyrea is a now-dismantled class of marine worms, containing the three modern taxa Echiura, Sipuncula, and Priapulida. Also ''Sternaspis (annelid), Sternaspis'', the first described genus in the family Sternaspidae, was at some point assumed to be related to Echiura and therefore included in the Gephyrea. This class was not monophyletic. Priapulida are now considered a distinct phylum among Ecdysozoa, while the other two taxa are classified as Annelids. The word was created by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, Quatrefages from the Greek ''γέφυρα'' (''géphura'') 'bridge', because these animals seemed intermediate between Annelids and Holothurians. References

Obsolete animal taxa Protostome classes {{protostome-stub ...
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