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Eastern Min
Eastern Min or Min Dong (, Foochow Romanized: ) is a branch of the Min group of the Chinese languages of China. The prestige form and most commonly cited representative form is the Fuzhou dialect, the speech of the capital of Fujian. Geographic distribution Fujian and vicinity Eastern Min varieties are mainly spoken in the eastern region of Fujian, in and near the cities of Fuzhou and Ningde. This includes the traditional ''Ten Counties of Fuzhou'' ( zh, c=福州十邑, p=Fúzhōu Shí Yì; Foochow Romanized: ), a region that consists of present-day Pingnan, Gutian, Luoyuan, Minqing, Lianjiang, Changle, Minhou, Yongtai, Fuqing and Pingtan, as well as the urban area of Fuzhou proper. It is also widely encountered as the first language of the Matsu Islands controlled by Taiwan. Historically, the Eastern Min varieties in the Matsu Islands were seen as a part of the Lianjiang variety. The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 separated the Matsu Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujian
Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefecture city by population is Quanzhou, with other notable cities including the port city of Xiamen and Zhangzhou. Fujian is located on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait as the closest province geographically and culturally to Taiwan; as a result of the Chinese Civil War, a small portion of historical Fujian is administered by Taiwan, romanized as Fuchien Province, Republic of China, Fuchien. While the population predominantly identifies as Han Chinese, Han, it is one of China's most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces. The dialects of the language group Min Chinese are most commonly spoken within the province, including the Fuzhou dialect and Eastern Min of Northeastern Fujian province and various Southern Min and Hokkien dial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Sino-Tibetan Language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan (PST) is the linguistic reconstruction of the Sino-Tibetan proto-language and the common ancestor of all languages in it, including the Sinitic languages, the Tibetic languages, Yi, Bai, Burmese, Karen, Tangut, and Naga. Paul K. Benedict (1972) placed a particular emphasis on Old Chinese, Classical Tibetan, Jingpho language, Jingpho, Written Burmese, Garo language, Garo, and Mizo language, Mizo in his discussion of Proto-Sino-Tibetan. While Proto-Sino-Tibetan is commonly considered to have two direct descendants, Old Chinese, Proto-Sinitic and Proto-Tibeto-Burman, in recent years several scholars have argued that this was not well-substantiated, and have taken to calling the group "Trans-Himalayan". In this case, Proto-Tibeto-Burman may be considered as equivalent to Proto-Sino-Tibetan if Sinitic is indeed not the first branch to split from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Features Reconstructed features include prefixes such as the causative ''s-'', the intransitive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luoyuan County
Luoyuan County (; Foochow Romanized: Lò̤-nguòng) is a county on the northeast coast of Fujian Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the provincial capital. The county spans an area of 1,187 square kilometers, and has a population of approximately 255,214 as of 2020. The county's administrative center is the town of . Administrative divisions Luoyuan County administers 6 towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ..., 4 townships, and 1 ethnic township. The county's 6 towns are , Songshan, , , , and . The county's 4 townships are , , , and . The county's sole ethnic township is Huokou She Ethnic Township. Climate Transportation The Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway and National Highway 104 both run through the coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gutian County
(; Foochow Romanized: ''Kŭ-chèng Gâing'') is a county lying in the northeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Ningde City and is located in the southwest part of the municipality. It is also known as "the town of the former worthy", as Zhu Xi, a famous Chinese scholar once lived there. It is also known as Kutien or Kucheng. *Area: *Population: 323,771 in 2020 History The county was set up in the Tang dynasty by Liujiang in 741 AD. Since Zhuxi, one of the famous scholars in China, lived there, it is also called "the town of the former worthy." In 1895 the county was the site of a massacre of Christian missionaries. Geography The Min River (Fujian) runs through Gutian, covering a distance of . Climate Scenic Areas There are a number of scenic areas in Gutian. * The thousand-year-old Auspicious Tower (). * The Xishan Academy of Classical Learning (), where Zhuxi once taught. * The Linshui Palace (). * The Temple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pingnan County, Fujian
Pingnan County () is an inland county in northeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is located in the cultural region of ''Mindong'' (), and lies in the west of Ningde City. Administration The population of Pingnan stands at 139,815 residents, of whom 68,975 are urban resident. (2020) The county covers an area of , divided into four towns () and seven townships (). The county executive, legislature and judiciary are seated at Gufeng Town (), together with the CPC and PSB branches. Towns * Gufeng () * Shuangxi (双溪镇) * Daixi () * Changqiao () Townships * Pingcheng () * Tangkou () * Gantang () * Yiling () * Luxia () * Shoushan () * Lingxia () Climate History Pingnan was established as a county by court of the Qing Dynasty in 1735. Local historical monuments include the Wan'an Bridge, located in the appropriately named Changqiao ("long bridge") Township. The bridge, described as the "longest woven timber bridge in China", was originally bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ningde
Ningde,; Foochow Romanized: Nìng-dáik; also known as ''Mindong''; zh, s=闽东, p=Mǐndōng, links=no; Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng; lit. East of Fujian previously Chinese postal romanization, romanized as Ningteh and Ning-Taik, is a prefecture-level city, city located along the northeastern coast of Fujian, China. It borders the provincial capital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou City to the south, Wenzhou, Wenzhou Prefecture of Zhejiang to the north, and Nanping to the west. The prefecture-level city, prefecture-level Ningde City administers 1 district of China, district, 2 county-level city, cities, 6 County (People's Republic of China), counties, as well as 124 Town (China), towns, Townships of the People's Republic of China, townships and Subdistricts of China, subdistricts. Listed below are the district, cities and counties, first four of which are coastal whereas the rest are located in mountainous areas. Situated roughly north of the Tropic of Cancer, the prefecture of Ningde sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuzhou
Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian, China. The city lies between the Min River (Fujian), Min River estuary to the south and the city of Ningde to the north. Together, Fuzhou and Ningde make up the Eastern Min, Mindong linguistic and cultural region. Fuzhou's population was 8,291,268 as of the 2020 Chinese census. Like other prefecture-level city, prefecture-level cities in China, its administrative area contains both urban and rural areas: in 2020, 72.49% of inhabitants (6,010,242) were urban, while 27.51% (2,281,026) were rural. As of 31 December 2018, the total population was estimated at 7,740,000 whom 4,665,000 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of five urban districts plus Minhou County. In 2015, Fuzhou was ranked as the 10th fastest growing metropolitan area in the world by Brookings Institution. Fuzhou is listed as No. 20 in the China Integrated City Index 2016's total ranking, a study conducted by the National Development and Reform Commission. Fuzhou is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foochow Romanized
Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian, China. The city lies between the Min River estuary to the south and the city of Ningde to the north. Together, Fuzhou and Ningde make up the Mindong linguistic and cultural region. Fuzhou's population was 8,291,268 as of the 2020 Chinese census. Like other prefecture-level cities in China, its administrative area contains both urban and rural areas: in 2020, 72.49% of inhabitants (6,010,242) were urban, while 27.51% (2,281,026) were rural. As of 31 December 2018, the total population was estimated at 7,740,000 whom 4,665,000 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of five urban districts plus Minhou County. In 2015, Fuzhou was ranked as the 10th fastest growing metropolitan area in the world by Brookings Institution. Fuzhou is listed as No. 20 in the China Integrated City Index 2016's total ranking, a study conducted by the National Development and Reform Commission. Fuzhou is also a major city for scientific research, appearing in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Characters
Chinese characters are logographs used Written Chinese, to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use. Over a documented history spanning more than three millennia, the function, style, and means of writing characters have changed greatly. Unlike letters in alphabets that reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used vocabulary in a language requires roughly 2000–3000 characters; , nearly have been identified and included in ''The Unicode Standard''. Characters are created according to several principles, where aspects of shape and pronunciation may be used to indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands; Foochow Romanized: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤ ( or ), officially Lienchiang County; Foochow Romanized: Lièng-gŏng-gâing (), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. The current Lienchiang County of the ROC was once part of an intact Lienchiang County of Fujian before its effective partition in 1949 following the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in the mainland portion of the county being controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC), while the offshore islands of Matsu remained under ROC control. The circumstance has made the county the only former geographical unit with the same name that is now divided between the administrations of the ROC and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Min
Proto-Min (pMǐn) is a comparative reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Min group of Chinese languages. Min varieties developed in the relative isolation of the Chinese province of Fujian and eastern Guangdong, and have since spread to Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and other parts of the world. They contain reflexes of distinctions not found in Middle Chinese or most other modern varieties, and thus provide additional data for the reconstruction of Old Chinese. Jerry Norman reconstructed the sound system of Proto-Min from popular vocabulary in a range of Min varieties, including new data on varieties from inland Fujian. The system has a six-way manner contrast in stops and affricates, compared with the three-way contrast in Middle Chinese and modern Wu varieties and the two-way contrast in most modern Chinese varieties. A two-way contrast in sonorants is also reconstructed, compared with the single series of Middle Chinese and all modern varieties. Evidence from early lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
