|
East Barito Languages
The East Barito languages are a group of a dozen Dayak ( Austronesian) languages of Borneo, Indonesia, and most notably Malagasy, the national language of Madagascar. They are named after the Barito River located in Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The languages are, *Central–South ** Dusun Deyah **South: Dusun Malang, Dusun Witu, Ma'anyan, Paku * Malagasy (incl. Bushi on Mayotte) *North: Lawangan, Tawoyan Several of the languages are named 'Dusun' because they are spoken by the Dusun people; they are not to be confused with the Dusunic languages, which are also spoken by the Dusun but belong to a different branch of Malayo-Polynesian. The most described East Barito language is Malagasy, which is also the best known language of the Barito group. South East Borneo is considered to be the original homeland of Malagasy. Malagasy is thought to have been brought to the East Africa region by Austronesian-speaking migrants between the 7th and 13th centuries. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paku Language (Indonesia)
Paku (Bakau) is an Austronesian language spoken in four villages in the East Barito Regency of Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Malagasy language spoken on Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f .... Most of the remaining speakers are also fluent in other languages. The use of the language is decreasing and speakers are increasingly shifting to Ma'anyan, a lingua franca of East Barito. In 2018, it was estimated there was about 50 speakers of the language in the villages of Tampa, Tarinsing, Bantei Napu, and Kalamus in the regency of East Barito. References Further reading * * * East Barito languages Languages of Indonesia Endangered Austronesian languages {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overseas Indonesians
Overseas Indonesians () are Indonesians who live outside of Indonesia. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Indonesian descent. According to Ministry of Law and Human Rights, more than 6-9 million Indonesians diaspora live abroad in 2023. History Since ancient times, people from various ethnic groups of Indonesia have been leaving their hometowns to other parts of the world for purposes of trade, education, labor, or travel. Migration of ancient Indonesians began 2,000 years ago, to various places including Madagascar, East Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Australia, and Southeast Asian countries. Early history Beginning between the 5th and 7th centuries, Austronesian seafarers from the Indonesian archipelago, particularly from Kalimantan and Sulawesi, embarked on a remarkable journey across the Indian Ocean to Madagascar. These early migrants established settlements, bringing with them advanced ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesians
Indonesians (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''orang Indonesia'') are citizens or people who are identified with the country of Indonesia, regardless of their ethnic or religious background. There are more than Ethnic groups in Indonesia, 1,300 ethnicities in Indonesia, making it a Multiculturalism, multicultural Archipelago, archipelagic country with a diversity of languages, culture and religious beliefs. The population of Indonesia according to the 2020 national census was 270.2 million. 56% live on the island of Java, the world's most populous island. Around 95% of Indonesians are Native Indonesians (formerly grouped as "Pribumi"), primarily of Austronesian people, Austronesian and Melanesians, Melanesian descent, with 40% Javanese people, Javanese and 15% Sundanese people, Sundanese forming the majority, while the other 5% are Indonesians with ancestry from foreign origin, such as Arab Indonesians, Chinese Indonesians, Indian Indonesians, and Indo people, Indos. Populatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Madagascar
The Malagasy language, of Austronesian origin, is generally spoken throughout the island. The official languages of Madagascar are Malagasy and French. As a member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Madagascar is a Francophone country, and in 2024, French is spoken by around a quarter of the population in Madagascar, i.e. 8,5 million people out of 32 million (26.59%). In the first Constitution of 1958, Malagasy and French were named the official languages of the Malagasy Republic. Among the elites in large cities, French is spoken as a native language. Malagasy One notable aspect of the linguistic situation in Madagascar, compared to many French speaking African countries, is the presence of a prominent national, official, and relatively standardized language—Malagasy—alongside French. Malagasy belongs to the Austronesian language family and was introduced to Madagascar by Indonesian emigrants who settled on the island between the 4th and 7th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Indonesia
Indonesia is home to over 700 living languages spoken across its extensive archipelago. This significant linguistic variety constitutes approximately 10% of the world’s total languages, positioning Indonesia as the second most linguistically diverse nation globally, following Papua New Guinea. The majority of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese language, Acehnese, Sundanese language, Sundanese, and Buginese language, Buginese. In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Western New Guinea, Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian family and represent a unique linguistic heritage. The language most widely spoken as a native language is Javanese language, Javanese, primarily by the Javanese people in the Central Java, central and East Java, eastern parts of Java Island, as well as across m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayo-Polynesian
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippine Archipelago) and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken on the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier. Many languages of the Malayo-Polynesian family in insular Southeast Asia show the strong influence of Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic, as the western part of the region has been a stronghold of Hinduism, Buddhism, and, later, Islam. Two morphological characteristics of the Malayo-Polynesian languages are a system of affixation and reduplication (repetition of all or part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dusunic Languages
The Dusunic languages are a group of languages spoken by the Bisaya and Dusun (including Kadazan and Rungus), and related peoples in the Malaysian province of Sabah on Borneo. Languages The Dusunic languages are classified as follows.Bonggi language has been removed per Adelaar & Himmelmann, ''The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.'' Routledge, 2005, and Gana' per ''Glottolog''. *Bisaya–Lotud: Brunei Bisaya, Sabah Bisaya, Lotud *Dusun: Central Dusun– Coastal Kadazan, Kuijau, Papar, Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan, Kota Marudu Talantang, Kimaragang– Tebilung–Rungus, Klias River Kadazan Dumpas may also belong here. Not all languages spoken by the Dusun people belong to this group; the East Barito languages include several which are also named 'Dusun'. Lobel (2016) Lobel (2016) covers the following Dusunic languages: *Rungus The Momogun Rungus are an Austronesian ethnic group indigenous to Sabah, Malaysia. They primarily live in northern Sabah espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dusun People
Dusun is the collective name of an indigenous ethnic group to the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah. The Dusun people have been internationally recognised as indigenous to Borneo since 2004 as per the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Other similarly named, but unrelated groups are also found in Brunei and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Dusun in Brunei have distinct traditional beliefs and customs compared to those in Sabah. Bruneian Dusuns share a common origin, language and identity with the Bisaya people of Brunei, northern Sarawak and southwestern Sabah. Despite these differences, both groups are part of the broader Dusunic language family. In Indonesia, the Barito Dusun groups, located throughout the Barito River system, are actually part of the Ot Danum Dayak people, rather than being related to the Dusun of North Borneo. Etymology The Dusuns do not have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawoyan Language
The Northeast Barito languages () consist of several East Barito languages belonging to distinct Dayak subgroups. The languages include Bentian, Benuaq, Lawangan (most notable), Paser, and Tawoyan (or Taboyan), all of them are spoken in southeastern Kalimantan. By far, only Lawangan and Tawoyan have received their own ISO 639-3 codes, lbx and twy, respectively. Because of this, all Northeast Barito languages but Tawoyan, are grouped as 'dialects' of Lawangan for convenience reasons, by ''Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-d ...'', for example. Characteristics This section primarily deals with Benuaq, Taboyan, and Paser, based on Alexander D. Smith's paper in 2018. Rhotacism In Paser, Taboyan, and Benuaq, ''*-d'' and ''*l'' went rhotacised into ''-r''. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawangan Language
Lawangan is an Austronesian language of the East Barito group. It is spoken by about 100,000 Lawangan people (one of the Dayak peoples) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Lawangan has a high degree of dialectal diversity. Dialects Lawangan is divided into at least several dialects, including: * Ajuh * Bakoi (Lampüng) * Bantian (Bentian), spoken at Bentian Besar, West Kutai Regency * Banuwang * Bawu (Bawo) * Benuaq * Kali * Karau (Beloh) * Lawa * Lolang * Mantararen * Njumit * Paser / Pasir. This dialect is spoken at Paser Regency Paser Regency () is the southernmost regency within the East Kalimantan province of Indonesia. It was created in 26 June 1959 from the northern parts of Kotabaru. It was previously known as Pasir Regency until its renaming on 22 August 2007. Its ... and its surroundings. This dialect is also often known as "Paser language". * Purai * Purung * Tuwang Phonology Consonants Vowels Suryadikara et al. (1985) References Further r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeast Barito Languages
The Northeast Barito languages () consist of several East Barito languages belonging to distinct Dayak subgroups. The languages include Bentian, Benuaq, Lawangan (most notable), Paser, and Tawoyan (or Taboyan), all of them are spoken in southeastern Kalimantan. By far, only Lawangan and Tawoyan have received their own ISO 639-3 codes, lbx and twy, respectively. Because of this, all Northeast Barito languages but Tawoyan, are grouped as 'dialects' of Lawangan for convenience reasons, by ''Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-d ...'', for example. Characteristics This section primarily deals with Benuaq, Taboyan, and Paser, based on Alexander D. Smith's paper in 2018. Rhotacism In Paser, Taboyan, and Benuaq, ''*-d'' and ''*l'' went rhotacised into ''-r''. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
