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Earthquakes In Turkey
Turkey has had many earthquakes. This list includes any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like Istanbul resides in structures that are a mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. Tectonic setting Turkey is a seismically active area within the complex zone of collision between the Eurasian plate and both the African and Arabian plates. Much of the country lies on the Anatolian sub-plate, a small plate bounded by two major strike-slip fault zones, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault. The western part of the country is also affected by the zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea caused by the southward migration of the Hellenic arc. The easternmost part of Turkey lies on the western end of the Zagros fold and thrust belt, which is dominated by thrust tectonics. Seismic hazard Seismic haza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Of Earthquakes In Turkey 1900-2023
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geography, geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension. Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface. History Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1855 Bursa Earthquake
The 1855 Bursa earthquake occurred on 28 February, with an estimated magnitude of 7.02±0.64 A devastating precursor quake that took place in Mustafakemalpaşa, a town of Bursa Province, in Turkey caused severe destruction all over Bursa and other neighboring cities. 300 people died and thousands of homes and workplaces were wrecked, and some of the historical monuments and buildings including mosques collapsed. Subsequently, fire spread out in the city, which increased the death toll. On 11 April 1855, an aftershock of the 28 February earthquake was recorded as 6.65±0.33. This aftershock affected the region from Gemlik to Mudanya. 1,300 people died. Gökmen-zâde Seyyid el-Hâcî Hüseyin Rıfat Efendî Bursavî wrote about these earthquakes in his book ''İşaret-numa'', written in the Ottoman Turkish language. See also * List of earthquakes in Turkey * List of historical earthquakes References 1855 Bursa 1855 earthquakes 1855 Events January–March ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1688 Smyrna Earthquake
The 1688 Smyrna earthquake () first occurred on 30 June. A second earthquake struck eleven days later at 11:45 on 10 July, and lasted 10 seconds according to the information provided by the British earthquake scientist Nicholas Ambraseys (1929–2012), who published the reports of the French Consulate of the period. It had an epicenter close to Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (today İzmir, Turkey). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 , with a maximum felt intensity of X (''Extreme'') on the Mercalli intensity scale and caused about 16,000 casualties. A tsunami and a fire followed the earthquake. Effects The Sancak Fortress, located at İnciraltı neighborhood of Balçova district in İzmir, was commissioned by Grand vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha in 1666, and built by Kara Mustafa Pasha in 1677 at the narrowest point of the Gulf of İzmir to control the inbound and outbound ship traffic in the gulf, collapsed to a ruin, and the canons fell in to the sea. According to the historian S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 Hasankale Earthquake
The 1952 Hasankale earthquake occurred at 08:03 local time on 3 January in Hasankale (today Pasinler) in Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (''Severe'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 41 casualties. This spot has been the subject of studies due to the amount of earthquakes that occur in Turkey. 17% of earthquakes, globally, occur in this area. This is because the Alpide belt crosses through Turkey. The earthquakes are cause when the plates try to slide past each other on a transform boundary. See also *List of earthquakes in 1952 *List of earthquakes in Turkey Turkey has had many earthquakes. This list includes any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like ... References 1952 Hasankale 1952 earthquakes 1952 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Salmas Earthquake
The 1930 Salmas earthquake occurred on in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The earthquake, which was among Iran's largest, measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). A damaging foreshock occurred fifteen hours prior to the main event and served as a warning to the people that felt it strongly. Reports from seismologists and seismological organizations indicate that up to 3,000 fatalities may have occurred in northwest Iran and southeast Turkey. Sixty villages (including the large settlement of Dilman, which was relocated and rebuilt as Salmas) were destroyed in the Salmas Plain and in the surrounding mountainous regions. A destructive aftershock sequence affected many villages, and in some cases, damage was inflicted on some that had escaped devastation during the mainshock. An inspection of the region was undertaken, but not until decades later, at which time substantial surface faulting and other ground effects were doc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 Gediz Earthquake
The 1970 Gediz earthquake, also known as the 1970 Kütahya-Gediz earthquake () struck western Turkey on 28 March at about 23:02 local time with an estimated magnitude of 7.2 on the scale. Geology The earthquake was active on the "Turgutlu- Sındırgı- Simav- Gediz fault" line in the second-degree earthquake zone. The earthquake occurred due to the vertival movements of a fault line extending in the northwest direction from Akçaalan-Kayaköy and Dereköy to Hisarcık and the fault line extending in the direction of Çomaklar-Çukurören villages. The earthquake area was formed 2.5 million years ago. After the earthquake, a horizontal and vertical-slip fissure with a largest opening of was detected at the foot of Seyranbaşı Hill near Yunuslar Village. A vertical-slip fissure was observed in Çavdarhisar. Tension crack systems were detected at the junction of Gediz River and Bulacık Creek to the south of Gediz district center and around Çayçinge Village. According to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Erzincan Earthquake
On 13 March 1992, a moment magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck eastern Turkey. It had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent'') and occurred along the North Anatolian Fault. At least 498 people died, roughly 2,000 were injured, and an unknown number of people went missing. Total financial losses were between $13.5 million and $750 million (US Dollars). Geology Most of Turkey lies on the Anatolian Plate. Deformation from is accommodated through three main faults: the eastern portion of the Hellenic Trench accommodates convergence between the Aegean Sea plate and the Anatolian Plate in the south, the North Anatolian Fault in the north, along which this earthquake occurred, accommodates the deformation between the Anatolian Plate and the Eurasian plate which forces the Anatolian west, and the East Anatolian Fault in the east accommodates the same deformation. The Erzincan basin lies on the intersection of this fault on its northern side. Earthquake At 6.7 on the mome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Erzincan Earthquake
An earthquake struck Turkey's eastern Erzincan Province at with a moment magnitude () of 7.8 and maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (''Extreme''). It is tied with the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes as the most powerful earthquake in Turkey to be recorded by instruments. However, it was less powerful than estimates of the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. This was one of the largest in a sequence of violent shocks to affect Turkey along the North Anatolian Fault between 1939 and 1999. Surface rupturing, with a horizontal displacement of up to 3.7 meters, occurred in a 360 km long segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The earthquake was the most severe natural loss of life in Turkey in the 20th century, with 32,968 dead, and some 100,000 injured. Preface The North Anatolian Fault in Asia Minor is a major transform fault boundary where the Eurasian plate slides past the smaller Anatolian Microplate. Running for over 1,600 km, the fault stretches from Eastern Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Bingöl Earthquake
The 1971 Bingöl earthquake was a earthquake that occurred at on 22 May. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum intensity of IX (''Violent'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, killing 755–1,000 people. Bingöl was largely destroyed, as well as many houses in the nearby Bingöl plain. Surface displacement of and various other surficial effects were directly caused by the earthquake. Tectonic setting Most of Turkey lies on the Anatolian Plate. Movement of the plate is accommodated through four main faults: the Aegean extensional system (AES), the Cyprus Arc, the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). The AES accommodates extensional forces between the Anatolian and Aegean Sea plates, and the Cyprus Arc accommodates convergence in the south between the African plate and the Anatolian Plate. In the north, the NAF accommodates the faulting between the Eurasian plate and the Anatolian plate and has produced prolific earthquakes such as the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands Earthquake
The 1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake occurred at 4 January on the islands of Marmara and Avşa off Erdek in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. It had a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (''Severe'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 5 deaths and 30 injuries. Three aftershocks occurred in conjunction with this destructive earthquake that was felt strongly in Istanbul, Edirne and İzmir. The villages Gündoğdu, Çınarlı, and Asmalı on Marmara Island were completely flattened, and the island's town center was damaged. On the neighboring Avşa Island, 128 houses in the Türkeli village and all the houses of Yiğitler village were destroyed. On Paşalimanı Island, the villages Poyraz and Harmanlı were completely destroyed and the villages Paşalimanı and Balıklı were partly damaged. The foghorn building on Hayırsız Island was demolished and rocks at the shore fell into the sea. The submarine communications cable running across the Sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Elazığ Earthquake
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Düzce Earthquake
The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened nearly three months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault. Tectonic setting The western and central parts of Turkey lie on the eastern part of the Anatolian plate, which is currently being forced to the west by the continuing northward movement of the Arabian plate. In northern Turkey, this westward motion is taken up by a major zone of dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip, the North Anatolian Fault. The 1999 Düzce event is the most recent in a sequence of large earthquakes that have affected the North Anatolian Fault, starting towards the eastern end with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, then propagating towards the west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
