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Currency Reform Of 1935 (Republic Of China)
The 1935 currency reform was a monetary policy announced by the Nationalist government, Nationalist Government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China on November 4, 1935. This reform marked the abandonment of the silver standard and the adoption of a gold standard, introducing the Chinese National Currency (CNC, or Fabi (currency), Fabi) as the unified national currency. The reform aimed to stabilise the economy by standardising the currency system under central government control. Background Silver craze Due to the Great Depression in 1929, global agricultural prices plummeted, worsening the disparity between the prices of industrial and agricultural products in rural China. This imbalance led to a flow of silver from rural areas to smaller cities and eventually into larger urban centers, which then faced an excess of capital. As countries like Britain and Japan abandoned the gold standard and enacted competitive devaluations to establish trade barriers, glob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC), between 1912 and 1949, was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China, prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. At a population of 541 million in 1949, it was the world's most populous country. Covering , it consisted of 35 provinces, 1 special administrative region, 2 regions, 12 special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which rules mainland China today, considers ROC as a country that ceased to exist since 1949; thus, the history of ROC before 1949 is often referred to as Republican Era () of China. The ROC, now based in Taiwan, today considers itself a continuation of the country, thus calling the period of its mainland governance as the Mainland Period () of the Republic of China in Taiwan. The Republic was declared on 1 January 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabi (currency)
The Chinese National Currency (CNC), often transliterated as fapi or fabi or translated as Legal Tender Note, is the currency of China between 1935 and 1948. Introduced in the 1935 currency reform, the currency was initially issued by the Central Bank, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications Bank of Communications Limited (BoComm) (; often abbreviated as ), is the fifth-largest bank in mainland China. Established in 1908, the Bank of Communications claims a long history in China and is one of the banks to have issued banknotes in mo ... and later the Farmer's Bank of China. In June 1942, it became solely issued by the Central Bank. It was replaced by the Gold Yuan in August 1948. See also * Central Bank of China * Chinese hyperinflation Note {{notelist References Currencies of China Currencies introduced in 1935 Modern obsolete currencies Economic history of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive Order 6814
On August 9, 1934, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the seizure of all silver situated in the continental United States with Executive Order 6814 - Requiring the Delivery of All Silver to the United States for Coinage. Executive Order 6814 closely mirrors Executive Order 6102, which FDR signed on April 5, 1933, "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates within the continental United States" with some differences. A key difference was that EO 6814 excluded the seizure of all silver coins, whether foreign or domestic, while EO 6102 only exempted from seizure certain types of collectible or numismatic coins. See also * Executive Order 6102 - Requiring Gold Coin, Gold Bullion and Gold Certificates to Be Delivered to the Government * Executive Order 6260 - On Hoarding and Exporting Gold * Gold Standard Repeal 1933 * Silver Purchase Act of 1934 * Gold Reserve Act of 1934 * Silver Coinage Act of 1939 * Silver Purchase Act of 1946 * Silv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Leith-Ross
Sir Frederick William Leith-Ross, GCMG, KCB (4 February 1887 – 22 August 1968) was a Scottish economist who was chief adviser to the UK government from 1932 to 1945. Biography Leith-Ross was born in Saint Pierre, Mauritius, the son of Frederick William Arbuthnot Leith-Ross, a banker, and his Dutch wife, Sina van Houten, the daughter of politician Samuel van Houten. He grew up with his grandfather John Leith Ross, 5th Laird of Arnage Castle at the family estate in Ellon, Scotland. He was the brother of the artist Harry Leith-Ross (1886–1973). After graduating with a double first from Balliol College, Oxford, he joined the Treasury in 1909. Leith-Ross was appointed as a Private Secretary to H. H. Asquith, the prime minister, in 1911. Between 1932 and 1945 he was chief economic advisor to the UK government: he is known for advancing the economic theory of "Treasury View", popular in the 1930s. Leith-Ross was active in negotiations with Germany prior to the Second World War bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchukuo
Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy under the ''de facto'' control of Japan. It had limited international recognition. The area was the homeland of the Manchus, including the emperors of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japan seized the region following the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was dissolved in 1945 after the surrender of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. The territories claimed by Manchukuo were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year. Demographically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fudan University Press
Fudan University Press ( zh, 复旦大学出版社), a publishing entity of the People's Republic of China, is affiliated with Fudan University and is situated at No. 579 Guoquan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai. History Fudan University Press was formed in May 1981 with the authorization of the General Administration of Press and Publication and the endorsement of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a cabinet-level department under the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and othe .... Fudan University Press primarily publishes instructional materials pertinent to the subjects, majors, and courses offered at Fudan University, in addition to reference books for higher education, pedagogical tools, and educational resources for colleges and universities associated with higher education instructi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 In China
Events in the year 1935 in China. Incumbents *President: Lin Sen *Premier: Wang Jingwei until December 1, Chiang Kai-shek * Vice Premier: Kung Hsiang-hsi *Foreign Minister: Zhang Qun Events *January - Zunyi Conference *January–February 5 - First Encirclement Campaign against Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet *February–April 18 - Second Encirclement Campaign against Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet *April–July - Second Encirclement Campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet *May 29 - Battle of Luding Bridge *June 10 - He–Umezu Agreement *June 27 - Chin–Doihara Agreement *August 20-October 25 - Third Encirclement Campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Births * January 7 – Li Shengjiao, diplomat and international jurist (d. 2017) * July 7 – Chan Wing-chan, politician * July 13 – Qiu Xigui, historian, palaeographer and professor * July 18 – Luo Gan, politician * September 1 – Chow Yei-ching, Hong Kong executive (d. 2018) * December 6 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
