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Curly Endive
Endive () is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus ''Cichorium'', which includes several similar bitter-leafed vegetables. Species include ''Cichorium endivia'' (also called endive), ''Cichorium pumilum'' (also called wild endive), and ''Cichorium intybus'' (also called chicory). Chicory includes types such as radicchio, puntarelle, and Belgian endive. There is considerable confusion between ''Cichorium endivia'' and ''Cichorium intybus''. ''Cichorium endivia'' There are two main varieties of cultivated ''C. endivia'' chicon: * Curly endive, or frisée (var. ''crispum''). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. It is sometimes called chicory in the United States and is called ''chicorée frisée'' in French. Further confusion results from the fact that frisée also refers to greens lightly wilted with oil. * Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var. ''latifolia''), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties. Varieties or names include broad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichorium Endivia - Botanischer Garten Mainz IMG 5453
''Cichorium'' is a genus of plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species. includes photos and distribution maps for 4 species Common chicory (''Cichorium intybus'') is a bushy with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichorieae
The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Cichorieae all have milky latex and flowerheads that only contain one type of floret. The genera '' Gundelia'' and '' Warionia'' only have disk florets, while all other genera only have ligulate florets. The genera that contain most species are ''Taraxacum'' (Crepidinae subtribe) with about 1,600 apomictic species, '' Hieracium'' with about 770 sexually reproducing and 5,200 apomictic species, and '' Pilosella'' with 110 sexually reproducing and 700 apomictic species (both Hieraciinae). Well-known members include lettuce, chicory, dandelion, and salsify. Description Most species are herbaceous, perennial, short-lived or annual plants, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or vines. All Cichorieae-species have latex canals in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaempferol
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. It is also found in propolis extracts. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of . It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.Kaempferol at .com; retrieved October 20, 2017 Natural occurrence Kaempferol is a secondary metabolite found in many plants, plant-derived foods, and traditional medicines. Its flavor is considered ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber (fibre in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition and can be grouped generally by their solubility, viscosity and Fermentation#Biological role, fermentability which affect how fibers are processed in the body. Dietary fiber has two main subtypes: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber which are components of plant-based foods such as legumes, whole grains, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and nut (fruit), nuts or seeds. A diet high in regular fiber consumption is generally associated with supporting health and lowering the risk of several diseases. Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulins, lignins, chitins, pectins, beta-glucans, and oligosaccharides. Food sources of dietary fiber have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The human body requires vitamin K for post-translational modification, post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish ''koagulation'', for "coagulation") and for controlling molecular binding, binding of calcium in bones and other tissue (biology), tissues. The complete synthesis involves final modification of these "Gla proteins" by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase that uses vitamin K as a cofactor (biochemistry), cofactor. Vitamin K is used in the liver as the intermediate VKH2 to deprotonate a glutamate residue and then is reprocessed into vitamin K through a vitamin K oxide intermediate. The presence of uncarboxylated proteins indicates a vitamin K deficiency. Carboxylation allows them to bind (chelate) calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is an essential nutrient. The term "vitamin A" encompasses a group of chemically related organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably Β-Carotene, β-carotene (''beta''-carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions: growth during embryo development, maintaining the immune system, and healthy vision. For aiding vision specifically, it combines with the protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A occurs as two principal forms in foods: A) retinoids, found in Animal source foods, animal-sourced foods, either as retinol or bound to a fatty acid to become a retinyl ester, and B) the carotenoids Α-Carotene, α-carotene (''alpha''-carotene), β-carotene, Γ-Carotene, γ-carotene (''gamma''-carotene), and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain β-ionone rings) that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folate
Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage. Folate is required for the body to make DNA and RNA and metabolise amino acids necessary for cell division and maturation of blood cells. As the human body cannot make folate, it is required in the diet, making it an essential nutrient. It occurs naturally in many foods. The recommended adult daily intake of folate in the U.S. is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements. Folate in the form of folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folate deficiency. Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the baby. NTDs include anencephaly and spina bifida, among other defects. Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgian Endive
Belgian endive (''Cichorium intybus),'' also known as ("white leaf") chicory or ''chicon'', is a lettuce-like vegetable or salad green. Belgian endive was developed in Belgium in the 1850s and is nicknamed "white gold" in that country. In 2021 Belgium added it to the country's Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Description and culinary use It has a small compact elongated head of cream-colored leaves. The tender leaves are slightly bitter; the whiter the leaf, the less bitter the taste. The smooth, creamy white leaves may be served cooked or raw. The highest quality Belgian endives have a small, soft heart, which are typically found in the traditionally-grown vegetables known as ''grondwitloof''. When cooked, the bitterness mellows to a nutty flavor. The vegetable can be cooked whole, cut up, or separated into leaves. It can be stuffed, baked, braised, roasted, or cooked in a sauce. In the US, the Belgian endive is typically served raw in salads or used to create ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puntarelle
Puntarelle or ''cicoria di catalogna'' or ''cicoria asparago'' is a variant of chicory. The heads are characterized by an elongated shape (about 40–50 cm), light green stems and dandelion shaped leaves. 'Puntarelle' shoots have a pleasantly bitter (taste), bitter taste. Applications 'Puntarelle' are picked when they are young and tender and may be eaten raw or cooked. Often used as a traditional ingredient in the Roman salad called by the same name, they are prepared with the leaves stripped and the shoots soaked in cold water until they curl. The salad is served with a dressing prepared of anchovy, garlic, vinegar, and salt, pounded and emulsify, emulsified with olive oil. There are two types of puntarelle. The puntarelle di Gaeta from Lazio has long shoots that curl once they are trimmed. While the Puntarelle di Galatina from Apulia have shorter shoots and will not curl. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radicchio
Radicchio is a perennial cultivated form of leaf chicory (''Cichorium intybus'', Asteraceae), commonly used in Italian cuisine. It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has colourful, white-veined red leaves that form a head. Radicchio has a bitter and spicy taste that mellows if it is grilled or roasted. History Pliny the Elder wrote in ''Naturalis Historia'' that radicchio was useful as a blood purifier and an aid for insomniacs. Radicchio contains intybin, a sedative/analgesic, as well as a type of flavonoid, called anthocyanin. Modern cultivation of the plant began in the fifteenth century in the Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino regions of Italy, but the deep-red radicchio of today was engineered in 1860 by Belgian agronomist Francesco Van den Borre, who used a technique called ''imbianchimento'' (whitening), ''preforcing'', or blanching to create the dark red, white-veined leaves. The plants are taken from the soil and placed in water in darkened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
