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Cryptophasia
Cryptophasia is the phenomenon of a language developed by twins (identical or fraternal) that only the two children can understand. The word has its roots from the Greek ''crypto-'', meaning secret, and ''-phasia'', meaning speech. Most linguists associate cryptophasia with idioglossia, which is any language used by only one, or very few, people. Cryptophasia differs from idioglossia on including mirrored actions like twin-walk and identical mannerisms. Classification It has been reported that up to 50% of young twins will have their own twin language which they use to communicate only with each other and which cannot be understood by others. "In all cases known, the language consists of onomatopoeic expressions, some neologisms, but for the greatest part of words from the adult language adapted to the constrained phonological possibilities of young children. These words being hardly recognizable, the language may turn out to be completely unintelligible to speakers of the parent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of Twin Last Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or ''dizygotic'' ('non-identical' or 'fraternal'), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. Since identical twins develop from one zygote, they will share the same sex, while fraternal twins may or may not. In very rare cases, fraternal or (semi-) identical twins can have the same mother and different fathers ( heteropaternal superfecundation). In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb (the much more common case in humans) is called a ''singleton'', and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is a ''multiple''. Unrelated look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to as doppelgänger. Statistics The human twin birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idioglossia
An idioglossia (from the Ancient Greek , 'own, personal, distinct' and , 'tongue') is an idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic language invented and spoken by only one or two people. Most often, ''idioglossia'' refers to the "private languages" of young children, especially twins, the latter being more specifically known as cryptophasia, and commonly referred to as twin talk or twin speech. Children who are exposed to multiple languages from birth are also inclined to create idioglossias, but these languages usually disappear at a relatively early age, giving way to use of one or more of the languages introduced. Examples Case studies * Sam and Ren McEntee, 18-month-old twins.Moisse, Katie (March 30, 2011)"Babies Learn How Conversation Works Before They Learn Words" ABC News (United States), ABC News. * June and Jennifer Gibbons * Poto and Cabengo, Kennedy twins of San Diego, California. (They named themselves "Poto and Cabengo") Media * Poto and Cabengo in a film of the same name by Jea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
June And Jennifer Gibbons
June Gibbons (born 11 April 1963) and Jennifer Gibbons (11 April 1963 – 9 March 1993) were twin sisters who grew up in Wales. They became known as "The Silent Twins", since they only communicated with each other. They wrote works of fiction. In 1981, the girls committed several crimes including vandalism, petty theft and arson, which led to them being admitted to Broadmoor Hospital high-security mental health hospital. The twins were sentenced to indefinite detention under the Mental Health Act and were held for eleven years. Early life June and Jennifer were the daughters of Caribbean immigrants Gloria and Aubrey Gibbons. The Gibbons family moved from Barbados to the United Kingdom in the early 1960s, as part of the Windrush generation. Gloria was a housewife and Aubrey worked as a technician for the Royal Air Force. The couple also had three other children: Greta was born in 1957, David was born in 1959, and Rosie was born in 1967. In 1960, Aubrey went to stay with a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poto And Cabengo
Poto and Cabengo (names given, respectively, by Grace and Virginia Kennedy to themselves) are American identical twins who used an invented language ( Cryptophasia) until the age of about eight. The girls were apparently of normal intelligence. They developed their own communication as they had little exposure to spoken language in their early years. Poto and Cabengo were the names they called each other. ''Poto and Cabengo'' is also the name of a documentary film about the girls made by Jean-Pierre Gorin and released in 1980. Birth Grace and Virginia Kennedy were born in 1970 in Columbus, Georgia. Their birth was normal, and they were able to lift their heads and make eye contact with their parents within hours after birth, but both soon suffered apparent seizures. Their father maintained that a surgeon told him the girls might experience developmental disabilities. Apparently misunderstanding speculation for diagnosis, the girls' parents ceased to pay more attention to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Creation In Artificial Intelligence
In Artificial Intelligence, researchers teach AI systems to develop their own ways of communicating by having them work together on tasks and use symbols as parts of a new language. These languages might grow out of human languages or be built completely from scratch. When AI is used for translating between languages, it can even create a new shared language to make the process easier. Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps these systems understand and generate human-like language, making it possible for AI to interact and communicate more naturally with people. Evolution from English In 2017, Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR) trained chatbots on a corpus of English text conversations between humans playing a simple trading game involving balls, hats, and books. When programmed to experiment with English and tasked with optimizing trades, the chatbots seemed to evolve a reworked version of English to better solve their task. In some cases the exchanges seemed nonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mannerisms
In human behavior, a mannerism is a peculiar, distinctive habit of a person. In particular, the term refers to an affected or exaggerated speech or actions. Often mannerisms are subtle and subconscious. They may be expressed in body language, manner of speech, tone of the voice, etc. Examples of mannerisms are twirling hair, tapping fingers, particular facial expressions. Some mannerisms of a person may be indicative of an attempt to call attention to themselves. In psychopathology, mannerisms that look unnatural and weird may be a syndrome of various personality disorders.Martin BrüneEthological remarks on mannerisms. Conceptualisation and proposal for a definition Mannerisms should be distinguished from tics: the former are fluidly integrated into person's behavior, while tics are sudden, repetitive, and abrupt. See also *Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact (oculesic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onomatopoeic
Onomatopoeia (or rarely echoism) is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as ''oink'', ''meow'', '' roar'', and ''chirp'', among other sounds such as '' beep'' or ''hiccup''. Onomatopoeia can differ by language: it conforms to some extent to the broader linguistic system. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as ' in English, in Spanish and Italian (see photo), in Mandarin, in Japanese, or in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali. Etymology and terminology The word ''onomatopoeia'', with rarer spelling variants like ''onomatopeia'' and ''onomatopœia'', is an English word from the Ancient Greek compound ὀνοματοποιία, ''onomatopoiía'', meaning 'name-making', composed of ὄνομα, ''ónoma'', meaning "name"; and ποιέω, ''poiéō'', meaning "making". It is pronounced . Word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neologism
In linguistics, a neologism (; also known as a coinage) is any newly formed word, term, or phrase that has achieved popular or institutional recognition and is becoming accepted into mainstream language. Most definitively, a word can be considered a neologism once it is published in a dictionary. Neologisms are one facet of lexical innovation, i.e., the linguistic process of new terms and meanings entering a language's lexicon. The most precise studies into language change and word formation, in fact, identify the process of a "neological continuum": a '' nonce word'' is any single-use term that may or may not grow in popularity; a '' protologism'' is such a term used exclusively within a small group; a ''prelogism'' is such a term that is gaining usage but is still not mainstream; and a ''neologism'' has become accepted or recognized by social institutions. Neologisms are often driven by changes in culture and technology. Popular examples of neologisms can be found in science, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonological
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics: "phonemics ''n.'' 'obsolescent''1. Any procedure for identifying the phonemes of a language from a corpus of data. 2. (formerly also phonematics) A former synonym for phonology, often preferred by the American Structuralists and reflecting the importance in structuralist work of phonemics in sense 1.": "phonematics ''n.'' 1. 'obsolete''An old synonym for phonemics (sense 2).") is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either: Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inflection
In linguistic Morphology (linguistics), morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical category, grammatical categories such as grammatical tense, tense, grammatical case, case, grammatical voice, voice, grammatical aspect, aspect, grammatical person, person, grammatical number, number, grammatical gender, gender, grammatical mood, mood, animacy, and definiteness. The inflection of verbs is called ''grammatical conjugation, conjugation'', while the inflection of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. can be called ''declension''. An inflection expresses grammatical categories with affixation (such as prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix, and transfix), apophony (as Indo-European ablaut), or other modifications. For example, the Latin verb ', meaning "I will lead", includes the suffix ', expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense-mood (future indicative or present subjunctive). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salience (language)
Salience is the state or condition of being prominent. The Oxford English Dictionary defines salience as "most noticeable or important." The concept is discussed in communication, semiotics, linguistics, sociology, psychology, and political science. It has been studied with respect to interpersonal communication, persuasion, politics, and its influence on mass media. Semiotics In semiotics (the study of signs or symbolism), ''salience'' refers to the relative importance or prominence of a part of a sign. The salience of a particular sign when considered in the context of others helps an individual to quickly rank large amounts of information by importance and thus give attention to that which is the most important. This process keeps an individual from being overwhelmed with information overload. Discussion Meaning can be described as the "system of mental representations of an object or phenomenon, its properties and associations with other objects and/or phenomena. In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
