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Courtauld Bag
The "Courtauld bag" is a medieval handbag made of brass and inlay, inlaid with gold, silver, and an unidentified black material. Tentatively attributed to Mosul, sometime between 1300 and 1330 when it was ruled by the Ilkhanate, it is believed to be the oldest surviving handbag in the world. History At some point after it was originally made, the Courtauld bag seems to have been modified for use as a lockable jewelry box. For example, a ring was added to the top of the lid, and a square of solder was added at the bottom of the inside, which was probably for a metal compartment being soldered inside the bag. There are also traces that a padlock was added on the flap. The bag was acquired by the British art collector Thomas Gambier Parry in 1858, probably in Venice, and his grandson donated it to the Courtauld Institute of Art in 1966. Before its current identification as a woman's handbag, it was variously thought by male academics to be a man's work basket, document wallet, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bag Mosul Gambier Parry Courtauld Gallery
A bag, also known regionally as a sack, is a common tool in the form of a floppy container, typically made of cloth, leather, bamboo, paper, or plastic. The use of bags predates recorded history, with the earliest bags being lengths of animal skin, cotton, or woven plant fibers, folded up at the edges and secured in that shape with strings of the same material. Bags can be used to carry items such as personal belongings, groceries, and other objects. They come in various shapes and sizes, often equipped with handles or straps for easier carrying. Bags have been fundamental for the development of Civilization, human civilization, as they allow people to easily collect and carry loose materials, such as berry, berries or food grains, while also allowing them to carry more items in their hands. The English word probably originates from the Old Norse language, Norse word ''baggi'', from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European bÊ°ak, but is also comparable to the Welsh baich (load, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitumen
Bitumen ( , ) is an immensely viscosity, viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition, it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. In American English, the material is commonly referred to as asphalt or tar. Whether found in natural deposits or refined from petroleum, the substance is classed as a pitch (resin), pitch. Prior to the 20th century, the term asphaltum was in general use. The word derives from the Ancient Greek word (), which referred to natural bitumen or pitch. The largest natural deposit of bitumen in the world is the Pitch Lake of southwest Trinidad, which is estimated to contain 10 million tons. About 70% of annual bitumen production is destined for road surface, road construction, its primary use. In this application, bitumen is used to bind construction aggregate, aggregate particles like gravel and forms a substance referred to as asphalt concrete, which is collo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Metal Art
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 2 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets and messengers, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous revelations, such as the Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad is the main and final of God's prophets, through whom the religion was completed. The teachings and normative examples of Muhammad, called the Sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. Islam is based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bags (fashion)
A bag, also known regionally as a sack, is a common tool in the form of a floppy container, typically made of cloth, leather, bamboo, paper, or plastic. The use of bags predates recorded history, with the earliest bags being lengths of animal skin, cotton, or woven plant fibers, folded up at the edges and secured in that shape with strings of the same material. Bags can be used to carry items such as personal belongings, groceries, and other objects. They come in various shapes and sizes, often equipped with handles or straps for easier carrying. Bags have been fundamental for the development of human civilization, as they allow people to easily collect and carry loose materials, such as berries or food grains, while also allowing them to carry more items in their hands. The English word probably originates from the Norse word ''baggi'', from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European bʰak, but is also comparable to the Welsh baich (load, bundle), and the Greek Τσιαντουλ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miche (bag)
Miche (pronounced ''MEE-chee'') is the name of a fashion handbag with interchangeable designs and handles. The company specializes in hand and shoulder bags based on a system of magnetic interchangeable bag covers (or Shells) and accompanying accessories. History The company was founded in 2005 by Michelle Romero and Annette Cavaness. In 2004, Romero thought of an idea to change the outside of a handbag, without physically changing the bag itself. She created a prototype by taking apart her own bag and revamping it using super glue and scrap fabric. The name of the company came from Michelle's nickname, Miche (pronounced ''MEE-chee''), which her mother-in-law calls her. The company was previously a subsidiary of Party Plan, based in South Jordan, Utah, United States. In March 2016, the US distributors of Miche bags closed the company down and organized a liquidation sale. Production and distribution continued through their former international partners including Miche Canada and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shihna
Shiḥna () was a medieval Islamic term meaning, roughly, "military administrator." The term was used particularly for the Seljuk Turks' representative in Iraq, who exerted the Seljuks' power over the Abbasid caliph. The Seljuks themselves ruled their empire, which included most of southwest Asia in the 11th century and after, from Iran in Isfahan. List of ''shihna''s Baghdad * Bursuq the Elder (April 1060 – 1061), the first ''shihna'' of Baghdad * Oshin (1061–?), a ''ghulam'' * Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi * Ilghazi (until 1104) * Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi Qasīm al-Dawla Sayf al-Dīn Abū Saʿīd Āqsunqur al-Bursuqī (), also known as Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, Aqsonqor il-Bursuqi, Aksunkur al-Bursuki, Aksungur or al-Borsoki, was the Seljuk Turkoman atabeg of Mosul from 1113–1114 and again from 112 ... (1124-1125) * Baran-Qush Zakawi (1125-1126) * Zengi (1126-1127) References {{reflist *"Shihna." ''Encyclopedia of Islam'' 3rd ed. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993. Islamic terminology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatun
Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a Khan (title), khan or a khagan of the Göktürks, Turkic Khaganates and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. Etymology and history Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of the queen of Bukhara. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Khatun [is] a title of Sogdian language, Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the Göktürks and subsequent Turkish rulers." According to Bruno De Nicola in ''Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335'', the linguistic origins of the term "khatun" are unknown, though possibly of Old Turkic or Sogdian origin. De Nicola states that prior to the spread of the Mongols across Central Asia, Khatun meant 'lady' or 'noblewoman' and is found in broad usage in medieval Persian and Arabic texts. Peter Benjamin Golden observed that the title ''qatun'' appeared among the Göktürks as the title for the khagan's wife and was borrowed from Sogdian language, Sogdia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Öljaitü
Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh (24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language. He was the son of the Ilkhan ruler Arghun, brother and successor of Mahmud Ghazan (5th successor of Genghis Khan), and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder Hulegu Khan. Early life Öljaitü was born to Arghun and his third wife, Keraite Christian Uruk Khatun on 24 March 1282 during his father's viceroyalty in Khorasan. He was given the name Khar-banda (mule driver) at birth, raised as Buddhist and later baptised in 1291, receiving the name Nikolya (''Nicholas'') after Pope Nicholas IV. However, according to ''Tarikh-i Uljaytu'' (History of Oljeitu), Öljeitu was at first known as "Öljei Buqa", and then "Temüder", and finally "Kharbanda". Various c. Same source also menti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dais
A dais or daïs ( or , American English also but sometimes considered nonstandard)dais in the Random House Dictionarydais in Oxford Dictionaries Online in the American Heritage Dictionary is a raised platform at the front of a room or hall, usually for one or more speakers or honored guests. Historically, the dais was a part of the at the end of a |
Courtauld Gallery
The Courtauld Gallery () is an art museum in Somerset House, on the Strand, London, Strand in central London. It houses the collection of the Samuel Courtauld Trust and operates as an integral part of the Courtauld Institute of Art. The Courtauld collection was formed largely through donations and bequests, and includes paintings, drawings, sculptures and other works from medieval to modern times. It is particularly known for its Impressionism, French Impressionist and Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist paintings. The collection contains some 530 paintings and over 26,000 drawings and prints. The head of the Courtauld Gallery is Ernst Vegelin. The gallery closed on 3 September 2018 for a major redevelopment, called Courtauld Connects, and reopened on 19 November 2021. The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art. The director designate of the Courtauld Institute of Art is Professor Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds, predominantly terpenes. Common resins include amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes. Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile natural phenol, phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant. Composition Most plant resins are composed of terpenes. Specific components are alpha-Pinene, alpha-pinene, pinene, beta-pinene, carene, delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene, caryophyllene, and cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
