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Corruption In Ba'athist Syria
Corruption in Ba'athist Syria was pervasive and systemic, and was characterized by corruption patterns of one-party states, wherein Ba'ath party officials and Assad family loyalists extensively abused their political powers for private and sectarian gains in the country of Syria. Several researchers and journalists have identified the pervasive corruption in the Syrian Arab Armed Forces and allied Ba'athist militias as one of the major reasons for the rapid collapse of the Assad regime during the Syrian revolutionary offensives in 2024. Background According to Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Ba'athist Syria scored a 13 on the CPI on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Ba'athist Syria ranked 177th among the 180 countries in the Index, on a scale where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the average score was 43, the bes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile Delta, Nile River delta. Founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, Egypt, Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" and "Pearl of the Mediterranean Coast" internationally, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and petroleum, oil pipeline transport, pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second-largest in Egypt (after Cairo), the List of largest cities in the Arab world, fourth- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Syria
The economy of Syria, primarily based on agriculture in the country's early years, deteriorated after the start of the Syrian civil war in March 2011.CIA World Fact Book – Syria's Economy Cia.gov. History Since the establishment of the First Syrian Republic in 1946, the economy has undergone many structural and other changes. Although the presence of the Allies of World War II, Allied forces during World War II stimulated commerce by providing markets for agriculture, textiles, and other locally manufactured goods, Syria lacked both the infrastructure and the resources to achieve economic prosperity. Agriculture, which had played a key role in the economy, became a factor in industrial expansion as l ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Syria
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a legislature, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or by judges' decisions, which form precedent in common law jurisdictions. An autocrat may exercise those functions within their realm. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and also serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, with their differences analysed in comparative law. In civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates the law. In common law systems, judges m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Syria
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Cane and Conoghan (editors), '' The New Oxford Companion to Law'', Oxford University Press, 2008 (), p. 263Google Books). though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by the criminal law of each r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Asia
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense that is undertaken by a person or an organization that is entrusted in a position of authority to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's gain. Corruption may involve activities like bribery, influence peddling, and embezzlement, as well as practices that are legal in many countries, such as lobbying. Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain. Historically, "corruption" had a broader meaning concerned with an activity's impact on morals and societal well-being: for example, the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates was condemned to death in part for "corrupting the young". Contemporary corruption is perceived as most common in kleptocracies, oligarchies, narco-states, authoritarian states, and mafia states, however, more recent research and policy statements acknowledge that it also exists in wealthy capitalist economies. In ''Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Syria
Corruption in Ba'athist Syria was pervasive and systemic, and was characterized by corruption patterns of one-party states, wherein Ba'ath party officials and Assad family loyalists extensively abused their political powers for private and sectarian gains in the country of Syria. Several researchers and journalists have identified the pervasive corruption in the Syrian Arab Armed Forces and allied Ba'athist militias as one of the major reasons for the rapid collapse of the Assad regime during the Syrian revolutionary offensives in 2024. Background According to Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Ba'athist Syria scored a 13 on the CPI on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Ba'athist Syria ranked 177th among the 180 countries in the Index, on a scale where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the average score was 43, the be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption By Country
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives. The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain". The index is published annually by the non-governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995. Since 2012, the Corruption Perceptions Index has been ranked on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt). Previously, the index was scored on a scale of 10 to 0; it was originally rounded to two decimal spaces from 1995-1997 and to a single decimal space from 1998. The 2024 CPI, published in February 2025, currently ranks 180 countries "on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)" based on the situation between 1 May 2023 and 30 April 2024. Denmark, Finland, Singapore, New Zealand, Luxembourg, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden, (almost all scoring above 80 over the last thirteen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghassan Bilal
The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Arab tribe. Originally from South Arabia, they migrated to the Levant in the 3rd century and established what would eventually become a Christian kingdom under the aegis of the Byzantine Empire. However, some of the Ghassanids may have already adhered to Christianity before they emigrated from South Arabia to escape religious persecution. As a Byzantine vassal, the Ghassanids participated in the Byzantine–Sasanian Wars, fighting against the Sasanian-allied Lakhmids, who were also an Arabian tribe, but adhered to the non-Chalcedonian Church of the East. The lands of the Ghassanids also acted as a buffer zone protecting lands that had been annexed by the Romans against raids by Bedouins. After just over 400 years of existence, the Ghassanid kingdom fell to the Rashidun Caliphate during the Muslim conquest of the Levant. A few of the tribe's members then converted to Islam, while most dispersed themselves amongst Melkites and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crystal Meth
Methamphetamine (contracted from ) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has also been researched as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. ''Methamphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. Methamphetamine is rarely prescribed over concerns involving its potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy such as Adderall an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captagon
Fenethylline ( BAN, USAN) or fenetylline (INN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both. It is also spelled phenethylline; other names for it are amphetaminoethyltheophylline and amfetyline. The drug was marketed for use as a psychostimulant under the brand names Captagon, Biocapton, and Fitton. The brand name "Captagon" (or in lowercase as "captagon") is often used generically to describe illicitly produced fenethylline. Fenethylline is now illegal in most countries. It is produced primarily for illicit use, which takes place mainly in the Middle East, with some evidence that it is used by Islamist militants and terrorists, as stimulants for gunmen. The illicit global market for the drug was estimated in 2023 to be worth approximately US$ 57 billion. Smuggling of Captagon became Syria's principal export, exceeding the total of all other exports under the Assad regime, from 2011 to 2024 of the Syrian Civil War in which it ruled Syria. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maher Al-Assad
Major General Maher Hafez al-Assad (, born 8 December 1967) is a Syrian former military officer who served as commander of the Syrian Army's elite 4th Armoured Division, which, together with Syria's Military Intelligence, formed the core of the Ba'athist regime's security forces until its collapse in 2024. He is the younger brother of former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, and also was a member of the Central Committee of the Syrian Ba'ath Party. At the onset of the Syrian Revolution, Maher was thought by some to be the second-most powerful man in Syria after his brother Bashar, the president. Maher is considered a regime hardliner, who reportedly favored the crackdown against the Damascus Spring movement and has been implicated in UN reports of orchestrating the killing of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. Maher oversaw the crackdown against Syrian protestors at Daraa, which led to the US and the European Union announcing sanctions against him. Maher is de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
