|
Convent Of Aracoeli
The Convent of Santa Maria in Aracoeli, also called Convent of Aracoeli and formerly known as ''Convent of Santa Maria in Capitolio'', was a historic monastic complex of Middle Ages, medieval origin in Rome, Italy, which first belonged to the Benedictines, Order of Saint Benedict and then to the Order of Friars Minor, Franciscans. Located on the Capitoline Hill, Capitolium, next to the Santa Maria in Ara Coeli, basilica of the same name, it was demolished in 1886 during the construction of the Victor Emmanuel II Monument, Vittoriano, after a history of more than a millennium. In the same period, another Franciscan convent was built next to the staircase, bearing the same name but much smaller than the historical one. The only remnant of the convent is the 16th-century loggia located on the right side of the basilica at the end of a staircase, with the portico giving access from the basilica. History Origin The convent arose in the templar area which also included the Temple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III (; ; born Alessandro Farnese; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death, in November 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the Sack of Rome (1527), sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church as the Protestant Reformation progressed. His pontificate initiated the Catholic Reformation with the Council of Trent in 1545, and witnessed European wars of religion, wars of religion in which Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V launched military campaigns against the Protestants in Germany. He recognized new Catholic religious orders and societies such as the Jesuits, the Barnabites, and the Congregation of the Oratory. His efforts were distracted by Nepotism#Origins, nepotism to advance the power and fortunes of his family, including his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Pier Luigi Farnese. Paul III was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (; – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254. Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the Roman Curia by Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome in 1250 after the death of the Emperor Frederick II. On 15 May 1252 he promulgated the bull '' Ad extirpanda'' authorizing torture against heretics, equated with ordinary criminals. Early life Born in Genoa (although some sources say Mana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unification Of Italy
The unification of Italy ( ), also known as the Risorgimento (; ), was the 19th century Political movement, political and social movement that in 1861 ended in the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, annexation of List of historic states of Italy, various states of the Italian peninsula and its outlying isles to the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia, resulting in the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. Inspired by the rebellions in the 1820s and 1830s against the outcome of the Congress of Vienna, the unification process was precipitated by the Revolutions of 1848, and reached completion in 1870 after the capture of Rome and its designation as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Individuals who played a major part in the struggle for unification and liberation from foreign domination included King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy; politician, economist and statesman Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour; general Giuseppe Garibaldi; and journalist and politician Giuse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accademia Di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca () is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its first ''principe'' or director; the statutes were ratified in 1607. Other founders included Girolamo Muziano and Pietro Olivieri. The Academy was named for Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of painters. From the late sixteenth century until it moved to its present location at the Palazzo Carpegna, it was based in an urban block by the Roman Forum and although these buildings no longer survive, the Academy church of Santi Luca e Martina, does. Designed by the Baroque architect, Pietro da Cortona, its main façade overlooks the Forum. History The Academy's predecessor was the ''Compagnia di San Luca'', a guild of painters and miniaturists, which met in the demolished church of S.Luca all'Esquilino, near the Basilica of S. Mary Major, and whose statutes and priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon, a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He led the French First Republic, French Republic as French Consulate, First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then ruled the First French Empire, French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815. He was King of Italy, King of Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italy from 1805 to 1814 and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813. Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in 1779 and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in 1785. He supported the French Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Republic (18th Century)
The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of classical Roman civilisation beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium. During this period, Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society at the time was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Ancient Roman religion and its pantheon. Its political organisation developed at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. There were annual elections, but the republican system was an elective oligarchy, not a democracy; a small number of powerful families largely monopolised the magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Maria Da Fonseca E Évora
José Maria da Fonseca e Évora (3 December 1690 – 16 June 1752), the religious name of José Ribeiro da Fonseca Figueiredo e Sousa, was a Portuguese Franciscan who served as an accomplished diplomat of King John V in Rome and, later, Bishop of Porto. Life José Ribeiro da Fonseca Figueiredo e Sousa was born on 3 December 1690, in the city of Évora, the son of Manuel Ribeiro da Fonseca Figueiredo (who had served the Habsburgs as a cavalry officer in Milan and Flanders), and his wife, Ana Maria Barroso da Gama Michão. He had a sister, named Mariana Ribeiro da Fonseca Figueiredo. He first earned a '' Artium Magister'' degree from the University of Évora and, from 1710, studied Canon law at the University of Coimbra. José Ribeiro da Fonseca Figueiredo e Sousa left for Rome in 1712, as part of the extraordinary embassy of the Marquis of Fontes. The reason for his sudden departure from the country is obscure, but it was apparently due to his having incurred in King John V's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Évora
Évora ( , ), officially the Very Noble and Ever Loyal City of Évora (), is a city and a municipalities of Portugal, municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of . It is the historic capital of the Alentejo region and serves as the seat of the Évora District. Due to its well-preserved old town centre, still partially enclosed by medieval walls, and many monuments dating from various historical periods, including a Roman Temple of Évora, Roman Temple, Évora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Due to its inland position, Évora is one of Portugal's hottest cities in the summer, frequently subject to heatwaves. Évora is ranked number two in the Portuguese most livable cities survey of quality of life, living conditions published yearly by ''Expresso (newspaper), Expresso''. It was ranked first in a study concerning competitiveness of the Districts of Portugal, 18 Portuguese district capitals, according to a 2006 study made by University of Minho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Venezia
The Palazzo Venezia (; "Venice Palace") or Palazzo Barbo, formerly Palazzo di San Marco ("Saint Mark's Palace"), is a large early Renaissance palace in central Rome, Italy, situated to the north of the Capitoline Hill. Today the property of the Italian Republic it houses the Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia, National Museum of the Palazzo Venezia. The main (eastern) facade measures 77 metres (253 ft) in length, with a height (excluding tower) of about 31 metres (102 ft). The north wing, containing the "Cibo Apartment", extending westwards, measures 122 metres (400 ft) in length. It covers an area of 1.2 hectares (2.9 acres) and encloses two gardens and the San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome, Basilica of Saint Mark. It was built in the present form during the 1450s by Cardinal Pietro Barbo von Waxenstein (family), Barbo (1417–1471), Titular church, titular holder of the Basilica of Saint Mark, who from 1464 ruled as Pope Paul II. Barbo, a Venetian by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzetto Venezia (Rome)
Palazzetto Venezia (formerly Palazzetto di San Marco) is a Renaissance palace situated on one side of Piazza Venezia, in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The building went through several alterations over the centuries until 1909, when it was demolished, and a slightly modified version was rebuilt a short distance from its original position to allow the enlargement of Piazza Venezia as part of the construction of the Vittoriano. Since 2006, the building has been part of the Museum of Palazzo Venezia and its upper loggia houses the museum's lapidarium. History The ''viridarium'' The Palazzetto originated in 1467, by the will of Pope Paul II, as the southern wing and ''viridarium'' (porticoed garden) of the more famous Palazzo San Marco. The garden and palace were joined by a quadrangular tower which faced Capitoline Hill. At the time, this tower was crowned with battlements, though was later replaced with a roof during the restoration of 1546. The Pope used to appear on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tower Of Paul III (Rome)
The so-called Tower of Paul III (Italian: ''Torre di Paolo III'') was a characteristic fortified villa belonging to the Popes, rising on the Capitoline Hill in Rome (Italy). The edifice was built in the 16th century by the architect Jacopo Meleghino at the behest of Pope Paul III and demolished in 1886 as part of the construction works of the Vittoriano. Its official name was ''Palazzo di Aracoeli'', but it was also known as ''Rocca Paolina'' and ''Torre Paolina''. History The tower took its name from Pope Paul III, who commissioned its construction soon after his own election, to underline the importance of the papal power over the city. It was annexed to the Franciscan Convent of Aracoeli (whose structures were almost entirely demolished as well) and rose at the foot of the Basilica of Ara Coeli, on the north side of the hill facing Via del Corso. It was used as a summer residence for the Popes, but also as a residence for Cardinals by decision of Julius III; finally, Sixtu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciscan Monks In The Cloister Of Santa Maria In Ara Coeli - Jodocus Sebastiaan Van Den Abeele-IMG 6952
The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contemporary male order), an order for nuns known as the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis, a religious and secular group open to male and female members. Franciscans adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary. Several smaller Protestant Franciscan orders have been established since the late 19th century as well, particularly in the Lutheran and Anglican traditions. Certain Franciscan communities are ecumenical in nature, having members who belong to several Christian denominations. Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
