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Contravention In French Criminal Law
In French criminal law, a contravention is the least serious among three categories of offenses. It includes non-criminal offenses, such as parking tickets, trespassing, minor violence, or destruction of property. The penalty is a fine stipulated by regulation, sometimes augmented with a supplementary penalty such as a remedial driving workshop. Background Criminal offenses (French: ''infraction'') are divided into three categories, according to increasing severity: , '' délit'' and ''crime''. The latter two categories are determined by the legislature, while contraventions are the responsibility of the executive branch. This tripartite division is matched by the courts responsible for enforcing criminal law: the Police court for contraventions; the Correctional court for ; the cour d'assises for . Each type of offense has a court with jurisdiction ('' compétence'') over it, and each type has a different that applies to it; ten years for a , three years for a , and one yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Criminal Law
French criminal law is "the set of legal rules that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders". It is one of the branches of the Legal system, juridical system of the France, French Republic. The field of criminal law is defined as a sector of French law, and is a combination of public law, public and private law, insofar as it punishes private behavior on behalf of society as a whole. Its function is to define, categorize, prevent, and punish criminal offenses committed by a person, whether a natural person () or a legal person (). In this sense it is of a punitive nature, as opposed to which settles disputes between individuals, or Administrative law in France, administrative law which deals with issues between individuals and government. Criminal offenses are divided into three categories, according to increasing severity: Contravention in French criminal law, ''contraventions'', Glossary of French criminal law#délit, ''délits'', and ''Crime in French law, crim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laïcité
(; 'secularism') is the constitutional principle of secularism in France. Article 1 of the French Constitution is commonly interpreted as the separation of civil society and religious society. It discourages religious involvement in government affairs, especially in the determination of state policies as well as the recognition of a state religion. It also forbids government involvement in religious affairs, and especially prohibits government influence in the determination of religion, such that it includes a right to the free exercise of religion. French secularism has a long history: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason and self direction. Revolutionaries in 1789 violently overthrew the ''Ancien Régime,'' which included the Catholic Church. Secularism was an important ideology during the Second French Empire, Second Empire and French Third Republic, Third Republic. For the last century, the French government policy has been based on the 1905 French law on the Separati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In France
Crime in France is combated by a range of French law enforcement agencies. Crime by type Murder Though France's homicide rate fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase between 2020 - 2023 period beginning at 1.21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 , 1.3 cases per 100,000 in 2021 and 1.4 cases per 100,000 in 2022 and 1.5 cases per 100,000 in 2023. Drug Trafficking has been a growing concern in France for the past few years, due to the fact that a significant portion of murders in France is tied to the drug trade. In 2024, 367 murders and attempted murders related to drug trafficking (compared to 418 in 2023) were recorded with a high proportion of young people involved in these crimes. This decline is linked to the end of the war between two rival criminal groups in Marseille (DZ Mafia and Yoda), which were responsible for a significant proportion of drug homicides in 2023. This was a particularly bad year for Marseille as 49 people were shot dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a State (polity), state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Cane and Conoghan (editors), ''The New Oxford Companion to Law'', Oxford University Press, 2008 (), p. 263Google Books). though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a Category of being, category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point System (driving)
A penalty point or demerit point system revokes or suspends a person's driving license based on the number of points accumulated over a specific period. Points are assigned for traffic offenses and infringements committed during this time. The demerit point schemes vary by jurisdiction and are typically implemented in addition to fines or other penalties. Under these schemes, a driver licensing authority, police force, or other authorized entity maintains a record of the demerit points accumulated by drivers. Points may be added or subtracted according to the rules of each jurisdiction's system. When a driver reaches or exceeds the prescribed point threshold, their license is typically revoked or suspended for a defined period or until specific conditions are met. Once the suspension period ends, the accumulated demerit points are usually reset or cancelled. The primary objective of these point systems is to identify, penalize, and discourage repeat traffic offenders while also f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driver's Licenses In France
In France, the driving licence () is a governmental right given to those who request a licence for any of the categories they desire. It is required for every type of motorized vehicle. The minimum age to obtain a driving licence is: sixteen years for a motorcycle, fifteen years for a car, and twenty-one years for buses and cargo vehicles. Since 2013, the French driving licence format was changed from that of a pink booklet to a credit card-sized card. Some slight modifications appear on driving licences issued by some overseas collectivities such as French Polynesia, Saint Martin, and Wallis and Futuna. Licences from these collectivities are identical to the normal mainland format with the addition of the name of the collectivity next to “RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE” and, in the case of French Polynesia, the display of the regional flag on the bottom right part of the card. Since 2015, licences issued in Saint Barthélemy are similar to those of Metropolitan France but with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularism In France
(; 'secularism') is the constitutional principle of secularism in France. Article 1 of the French Constitution is commonly interpreted as the separation of civil society and religious society. It discourages religious involvement in government affairs, especially in the determination of state policies as well as the recognition of a state religion. It also forbids government involvement in religious affairs, and especially prohibits government influence in the determination of religion, such that it includes a right to the free exercise of religion. French secularism has a long history: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason and self direction. Revolutionaries in 1789 violently overthrew the ''Ancien Régime,'' which included the Catholic Church. Secularism was an important ideology during the Second Empire and Third Republic. For the last century, the French government policy has been based on the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, See drop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cour D'assises
In France, a ''cour d'assises'', or Court of Assizes or Assize Court, is a Criminal law, criminal trial court with original jurisdiction, original and Appellate jurisdiction, appellate limited jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of felonies, meaning crimes as defined in French language, French law. It is the only French court that uses a jury trial. Justiciable matters Under French criminal law, the definition of a is limited to any criminal act punishable by over ten years of prison, including murder and rape. Previous death penalty application The ''cour d'assises'', uniquely outside military law, could sentence proven convicts for serious crimes, e.g. murder (''assassinat'' or ''meurtre'') to the death penalty, until it was Capital_punishment_in_France#Abolition_process_in_1981, abolished from French law in September 1981. In the sentencing phase, a qualified majority would vote on the verdict, or 2/3 of the jury, the same procedure as in rendering the gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contravention
In civil law, a contravention is a lesser offense, similar to an infraction or civil penalty in common law countries. France Brazil In Brazil, contravention is a sort of penal infraction — not only an administrative offense - which is considered to be less serious than a crime. Since 1941, Brazilian criminal law has a dual system which separates penal infractions in two main different acts. They are the Brazilian Penal Code (), describing crimes in general, and the , describing the contraventions. Contraventions are punished less severely than crimes in Brazilian law. While crimes may be punished to (reclusion) or ''detenção'' (detention), the only kind of possible imprisonment for contraventions is (simple prison), which is never served under closed conditions (only open and semi-closed conditions may be applied). Fines may also be imposed due to contravention sentencing. In Brazilian law, one who is already convicted for a crime is not considered to be recidiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Correctional Court
In France, the correctional court () is the court of first instance that has jurisdiction in criminal matters regarding offenses classified as (middling-level crimes) committed by an adult. In 2013, French correctional courts rendered 576,859 judgments and pronounced 501,171 verdicts. Lesser offenses called ''contraventions'' are judged by the Police Tribunal (proximity courts were permanently abolished on July 1, 2017). More serious wrongdoing such as felonies (crimes) are judged by the ''cour d'assises''. In terms of judicial organisation, the correctional court is one of the chambers of the ''tribunal de grande instance''. At the largest of these courts, several chambers may hear criminal matters. Such courts number the chambers to distinguish them, and they are referred to as the ''nth'' correctional chamber or the ''nth'' chamber of the correctional court. Jurisdiction of the correctional court The jurisdiction of a court, such as the correctional court, is determine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
