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Collegia Vicentina
The Collegia Vicentina consisted of a series of meetings in Vicenza in 1546. 40 Italian intellectuals met to re-evaluate the Christian Faith. Lelio Sozzini presided and only the Old and New Testaments were admitted as valid source material. They found that there was no scriptural evidence for the Holy Trinity, the union of two natures in Christ, Predestination or Original Sin. All Christians are equal and the Apostolic Church has no visible head. Because there is no original sin, there is no necessity for grace, therefore the Lord's Supper and baptism are not sacraments, but remembrances and confessions of faith. The source of life is the ''word'', equated with Christ and linking with the Neo-Platonic theology of Marsilio Ficino.Xavier Durrieu, Les Socin et le Socinianisme, originally in Revue des deux mondes, 1843. Kindle edition locations 160-374 The findings of the Collegia Vicentina formed the basis of Socinianism and also for the Anabaptist Council of Venice.Roberto de Matte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicenza
Vicenza ( , ; ) is a city in northeastern Italy. It is in the Veneto region at the northern base of the '' Monte Berico'', where it straddles the Bacchiglione River. Vicenza is approximately west of Venice and east of Milan. Vicenza is a thriving and cosmopolitan city, with a rich history and culture, and many museums, art galleries, piazzas, villas, churches and elegant Renaissance '' palazzi''. With the Palladian Villas of the Veneto in the surrounding area, and his renowned '' Teatro Olimpico'' (Olympic Theater), the "city of Palladio" has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994. In December 2008, Vicenza had an estimated population of 115,927 and a metropolitan area of 270,000. Vicenza is the third-largest Italian industrial centre as measured by the value of its exports, and is one of the country's wealthiest cities, in large part due to its textile and steel industries, which employ tens of thousands. Additionally, about one fifth of the country's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lelio Sozzini
Lelio Francesco Maria Sozzini, or simply Lelio Sozzini (Latin: ''Laelius Socinus''; 29 January 1525 – 4 May 1562), was an Italian Renaissance humanist and theologian and, alongside his nephew Fausto Sozzini, founder of the Non-trinitarian Christian belief system known as Socinianism. His doctrine was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church during the 16th and 17th centuries and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period. Life Lelio Sozzini was born at Siena. His family descended from Sozzo, a banker at Percenna (Buonconvento), whose second son, Mino Sozzi, settled as a notary at Siena in 1304. Mino Sozzi's grandson, Sozzino (d. 1403), was the founder of a line of patrician jurists and canonists, Mariano Sozzini the elder (1397–1467) being the first and the most famous, and traditionally regarded as the first freethinker in the family. Lelio (who spelled his surname Sozzini, Latinizing it Socinus) was the sixth son o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Trinity
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son ( Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons sharing one '' homoousion'' (essence) "each is God, complete and whole." As the Fourth Lateran Council declared, it is the Father who begets, the Son who is begotten, and the Holy Spirit who proceeds. In this context, the three persons define God is, while the one essence defines God is. This expresses at once their distinction and their indissoluble unity. Thus, the entire process of creation and grace is viewed as a single shared action of the three divine persons, in which each person manifests the attributes unique to them in the Trinity, thereby proving that everything comes "from the Father," "through the Son," and "in the Holy Spirit." This d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marsilio Ficino
Marsilio Ficino (; Latin name: ; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astrologer, a reviver of Neoplatonism in touch with the major academics of his day, and the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. His Florentine Academy, an attempt to revive Plato's Academy, influenced the direction and tenor of the Italian Renaissance and the development of European philosophy. Early life Ficino was born at Figline Valdarno. His father, Diotifeci d'Agnolo, was a physician under the patronage of Cosimo de' Medici, who took the young man into his household and became the lifelong patron of Marsilio, who was made tutor to his grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Italian humanist philosopher and scholar was another of his students. Career and thought Platonic Academy During the sessions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socinianism
Socinianism () is a nontrinitarian belief system deemed heretical by the Catholic Church and other Christian traditions. Named after the Italian theologians Lelio Sozzini (Latin: Laelius Socinus) and Fausto Sozzini (Latin: Faustus Socinus), uncle and nephew, respectively, it was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church during the 16th and 17th centuries and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period. It is most famous for its Non-trinitarian Christology but contains a number of other heretical beliefs as well. Origins The ideas of Socinianism date from the wing of the Protestant Reformation known as the Radical Reformation and have their root in the Italian Anabaptist movement of the 1540s, such as the anti-trinitarian Council of Venice in 1550. Lelio Sozzini was the first of the Italian anti-trinitarians to go beyond Arian beliefs in print and deny the pre-existence of Christ in his ''Brevis explicatio in primum Johan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Venice
The Council of Veneto or Synod at Venice 1550 was a meeting in Venice of the anabaptist radicals of Northern Italy. History The Council had been preceded by the antitrinitarian ''Collegia Vicentina'' (Lat. ''Vicenza colloquia'') in Vicenza in which Lelio Sozzini Lelio Francesco Maria Sozzini, or simply Lelio Sozzini (Latin: ''Laelius Socinus''; 29 January 1525 – 4 May 1562), was an Italian Renaissance humanist and theologian and, alongside his nephew Fausto Sozzini, founder of the Non-trinitarian Chr ... took a leading role in 1546. In late 1549 or early 1550 Anabaptists began to assemble again in Vicenza. In September 1550 sixty Anabaptist leaders, including 20 or 30 exiles from Switzerland, assembled in Venice. Under the impetus of two followers of Servetus, " Camillo Renato" (Paolo Ricci) and a "Tiziano" (possibly Lorenzo Tizzano) the synod agreed on a set of anti-Trinitarian principles.Roberto De Mattei ''A sinistra di Lutero: sette e movimenti religiosi nell'Europa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgio Biandrata
Giorgio Biandrata or Blandrata (15155 May 1588) was an Italian-born Transylvanian physician and polemicist, who came of the De Biandrate family, powerful from the early part of the 13th century. He was a Unitarian. Biandrata was born at Saluzzo, the youngest son of Bernardino Biandrata. He graduated in arts and medicine at Montpellier in 1533, and specialized in the functional and nervous disorders of women. In 1544 he made his first trip to Transylvania; in 1553 he was with Giovanni Paolo Alciati in the Grisons; in 1557 he spent a year at Geneva, in constant contact with Calvin, who distrusted him. He attended a Jane Stafford, English wife of Count Celso Massimiliano Martinengo, preacher of the Italian church at Geneva, and fostered anti-trinitarian opinions in that church. In 1558 he found it expedient to move to Poland, where he became a leader of the heretical party at the synods of Pińczów (1558) and Książ Wielkopolski (1560 and 1562). His point was the suppression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Valentino Gentile
Giovanni Valentino Gentile (c.1520 in Scigliano – 10 September 1566 in Bern) was an Italian humanist and non-trinitarian. As a young man he was influenced by Giorgio Siculo's teaching against paedobaptism and transubstantiation. In Naples he was exposed to Waldensian teachings, and those of Juan de Valdés, and was part of the Accademia Cosentina. In 1546 he took part in the Collegia Vicentina in Vicenza, adopting the Unitarian view of Lelio Sozzini. After the 1550 Anabaptist Council of Venice antitrinitarians were persecuted by the Council of Ten and in 1557 Gentile fled with Apollonio Merenda to Geneva – already home to Giorgio Biandrata, Nicola Gallo, Giovanni Paolo Alciati and Matteo Gribaldi, and there, in 1558, he aligned with Alciati and Biandrata against Jean Calvin. On May 18, 1558 Calvin required all the Italian exiles in Geneva to affirm a Trinitarian statement, which Gentile first refused to sign, but then following the others, did so. At this period the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gian Paolo Alciati
:For other people surnamed Alciati Dr. Giovanni Paolo Alciati della Motta (1515 in Savigliano – 1573) was an Italian Calvinist and friend of Giorgio Biandrata and Giovanni Valentino Gentile, one of the participants of the antitrinitarian Council of Venice The Council of Veneto or Synod at Venice 1550 was a meeting in Venice of the anabaptist radicals of Northern Italy. History The Council had been preceded by the antitrinitarian ''Collegia Vicentina'' (Lat. ''Vicenza colloquia'') in Vicenza in whi ... in 1550. Like Biandrata and Negri he moved to in Poland.The Oxford encyclopedia of the Reformation: Volume 2 Hans J. Hillerbrand - 1996 ".community in Pinczow that included himself and Biandrata, plus Alciati and Francesco Negri (1500- 1563)." References {{DEFAULTSORT:Alciati, Giovanni Paolo 1515 births 1573 deaths Italian Protestants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardino Ochino
Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564) was an Italian, who was raised a Roman Catholic and later turned to Protestantism and became a Protestant reformer. Biography Bernardino Ochino was born in Siena, the son of the barber Domenico Ochino, and at the age of 7 or 8, in around 1504, was entrusted to the order of Franciscan Friars. From 1510 he studied medicine at Perugia. Transfer to the Capuchins At the age of 38, Ochino transferred himself in 1534 to the newly founded Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. By then he was the close friend of Juan de Valdés, Pietro Bembo, Vittoria Colonna, Pietro Martire, Carnesecchi. In 1538 he was elected vicar-general of his order. In 1539, urged by Bembo, he visited Venice and delivered a course of sermons showing a sympathy with justification by faith, which appeared more clearly in his ''Dialogues'' published the same year. He was suspected and denounced, but nothing ensued until the establishment of the Inquisition in Rome in June 1542, at the inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matteo Gribaldi
Matteo Gribaldi Mofa (c. 1505 in Chieri – September 1564, in Farges) was an Italian legal scholar who became an Arian and defender of Michael Servetus. He was instrumental in the spread of antitrinitarianism to Poland through his Polish students in Italy including Piotr of Goniądz, and in Germany the pole Michał Zaleski, as well as on Italian exiles in Geneva who later traveled to Poland and Transylvania such as Giorgio Biandrata, Giovanni Paolo Alciati, and Giovanni Valentino Gentile. He wrote a popular educational work on the way to study law, reprinted many times: De methodo ac ratione studendi libri tres (Lugduni, apud A. Vincentium, 1541). Lelio Sozzini Lelio Francesco Maria Sozzini, or simply Lelio Sozzini (Latin: ''Laelius Socinus''; 29 January 1525 – 4 May 1562), was an Italian Renaissance humanist and theologian and, alongside his nephew Fausto Sozzini, founder of the Non-trinitarian Chr ... lived with Matteo Gribaldi in Padua for two months during the autumn of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1546 In Italy
Year 1546 ( MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * May 19 – The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi clan, in their attempt to regain Kawagoe Castle from the Late Hōjō clan in Japan. * June 7 – The Treaty of Ardres (also known as the Treaty of Camp) is signed, resulting in peace between the kingdoms of England and France, ending the Italian War of 1542–1546. July–December * July 10 – The Schmalkaldic War, a political struggle between imperial forces under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League, begins. * November 4 – Christ Church, Oxford, is refounded as a college by Henry VIII of England under this name. * December 19 – Trinity College, Cambridge, is founded by Henry VIII of England. Date unknown * Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg. * Michelangelo is made chief arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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