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Coexistence (other)
Coexistence is the property of things existing at the same time and in a proximity close enough to affect each other, without causing harm to one another. Coexistence may also refer to: *Coexistence (political party), Czechoslovak and later Slovak political party *Peaceful coexistence, Soviet theory regarding relations between the socialist and capitalist blocs, and more generally the coexistence of different states in the international system *Coexistence of similar species in similar environments; see coexistence theory *Coexistence of multiple national groups within a polity; see plurinationalism *COEXISTENCE (exhibition) * The Coexistence (electoral systems), coexistence type of independent combination of voting systems (mixed electoral system), distinct from parallel voting (superposition) and Majority bonus system, fusion. See also * *Coexist (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coexistence
Coexistence is the property of things existing at the same time and in a proximity close enough to affect each other, without causing harm to one another. The term is often used with respect to people of different persuasions existing together, particularly where there is some history of antipathy or violence between those groups. Coexistence can be observed to a property of all systems in which different aspects capable of interacting with each other exist at the same time. As one source asserts, "even at the molecular level, existence is always already coexistence". Nonliving things can also be characterized as coexisting where multiple kinds of such things exist in the same space, with the term having been used for things as disparate as different kinds of dunes on Mars, and black holes existing in the same region of space as dense nuclear star clusters. Other examples of coexistence include: *Peaceful coexistence, Soviet theory regarding relations between the socialist and ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coexistence (political Party)
Coexistence ( sk, Spolužitie, hu, Együttélés, pl, Wspólnota, cz, Soužití) was a political party in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia between 1990 and 1998. Although largely a Hungarian minority party, its membership also included Germans, Poles, Ruthenians and Ukrainians. History The party was established in February 1990 by Miklós Duray,Bugajski, p319 and allied with the Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement to take part in the general elections that year. In the elections to the Czechoslovakian Federal Assembly the two parties won five seats in the Chamber of the People and seven in the Chamber of the Nations. In the elections to the National Council of Slovakia the alliance won 14 seats. The parties maintained their alliance for the 1992 elections, maintaining the same number of seats in the Federal Assembly and the Slovak National Council. In 1994 Coexistence allied with the Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement and the Hungarian Civic Party to form the Hunga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peaceful Coexistence
Peaceful coexistence (russian: Мирное сосуществование, translit=Mirnoye sosushchestvovaniye) was a theory, developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of primarily Marxist–Leninist foreign policy and adopted by Soviet-allied socialist states, according to which the Socialist Bloc could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc (i.e., U.S.-allied states). This was in contrast to the antagonistic contradiction principle that socialism and capitalism could never coexist in peace. The Soviet Union applied it to relations between the western world, particularly NATO countries, and nations of the Warsaw Pact. Debates over differing interpretations of peaceful coexistence were one aspect of the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1970s, the People's Republic of China under the leadership of its founder, Mao Zedong, argued that a belligerent attitude should be maintained towards capitalist cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coexistence Theory
Coexistence theory is a framework to understand how competitor traits can maintain species diversity and stave-off competitive exclusion even among similar species living in ecologically similar environments. Coexistence theory explains the stable coexistence of species as an interaction between two opposing forces: fitness differences between species, which should drive the best-adapted species to exclude others within a particular ecological niche, and stabilizing mechanisms, which maintains diversity via niche differentiation. For many species to be stabilized in a community, population growth must be negative density-dependent, i.e. all participating species have a tendency to increase in density as their populations decline. In such communities, any species that becomes rare will experience positive growth, pushing its population to recover and making local extinction unlikely. As the population of one species declines, individuals of that species tend to compete predomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurinationalism
Plurinationality, plurinational, or plurinationalism is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity (an organized community or body of peoples). In plurinationalism, the idea of nationality is plural, meaning there are many nationals within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a plurinational state is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a plurinational democracy recognizes the multiple demoi (common people or populace)demos thefreedictionary.com within a polity.Keating, Michael [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COEXISTENCE (exhibition)
The Coexist image (often styled as "CoeXisT" or "COEXIST") is an image created by Polish, Warsaw-based graphic designer Piotr Młodożeniec pl">:pl:Piotr_Młodożeniec.html" ;"title="/nowiki>:pl:Piotr Młodożeniec">pl/nowiki> in 2000 as an entry in an international art competition sponsored by the Museum on the Seam for Dialogue, Understanding and Coexistence. The original version was one of dozens of works displayed as large outdoor posters in Jerusalem in 2001. It is designed to represent tolerance between religions. Variations of this artwork have been used as bumper stickers and elements in rock concerts. Creation – ''COEXISTENCE'' art exhibition , a Polish graphic designer based in Warsaw, had his original work chosen by a jury to be one of several dozen images to be displayed as x outdoor posters as part of a touring exhibit sponsored by the Museum on the Seam in Jerusalem. The exhibit opened to the public in Jerusalem in 2001. His original image consisted of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coexist (image)
The Coexist image (often styled as "CoeXisT" or "COEXIST") is an image created by Polish, Warsaw-based graphic designer Piotr Młodożeniec pl">:pl:Piotr_Młodożeniec.html" ;"title="/nowiki>:pl:Piotr Młodożeniec">pl/nowiki> in 2000 as an entry in an international art competition sponsored by the Museum on the Seam for Dialogue, Understanding and Coexistence. The original version was one of dozens of works displayed as large outdoor posters in Jerusalem in 2001. It is designed to represent tolerance between religions. Variations of this artwork have been used as bumper stickers and elements in rock concerts. Creation – ''COEXISTENCE'' art exhibition , a Polish graphic designer based in Warsaw, had his original work chosen by a jury to be one of several dozen images to be displayed as x outdoor posters as part of a touring exhibit sponsored by the Museum on the Seam in Jerusalem. The exhibit opened to the public in Jerusalem in 2001. His original image consisted of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coexistence (electoral Systems)
In political science, coexistence involves different voters using different electoral systems depending on which electoral district they belong to. This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or compensatory voting. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal for British Columbia involved the use of a fully proportional system of list-PR or STV in urban regions, combined with MMP in rural regions. Coexistence of electoral systems exist in multiple countries, like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Panama, as well as for elections of the European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adop ..... Historically, variants have been used in Iceland (1946–1959), Niger (1993, 1995) and Madagascar (1998) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Electoral System
A mixed electoral system or mixed-member electoral system combines methods of majoritarian representation, majoritarian and proportional representation (PR). The majoritarian component is usually first-past-the-post voting (FPTP/SMP), whereas the proportional component is most often based on party-list proportional representation, party-list PR. The results of the combination may be Mixed-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional (MMP), where the overall results of the elections are proportional, or Mixed-member majoritarian representation, mixed-member majoritarian, in which case the overall results are Semi-proportional representation, semi-proportional, retaining disproportionalities from the majoritarian component. Mixed-member systems also often combine local representation (most often Single-member district, single-member constituencies) with regional or national (Multi-member district, multi-member constituencies) representation, having multiple tiers. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parallel Voting
Parallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems. Parallel voting, as a form of mixed member majoritarian ( semi-proportional) representation is used in the election of national parliaments as well as local governments in various places such as Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Lithuania, Russia, and Argentina. It is distinct from the mixed election system known as mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) or the additional member system (AMS). Under MMP/AMS, distric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majority Bonus System
The majority bonus system (MBS) is a form of semi-proportional representation used in some European countries. Its feature is a majority bonus which gives extra seats or representation in an elected body to the party or to the joined parties with the most votes with the aim of providing government stability. It is currently used in Greece and San Marino, and formerly in Italy from 2006 to 2013. In Argentina, it is used in the Chamber of Deputies of the Province of Santa Fe, Chubut, and Entre Ríos. History Benito Mussolini was the first politician to enact a law to give automatic seats to the winning party and ensured his victory in the 1924 Italian general election. A modified version of the system was reintroduced for the 1953 Italian general election, in which any parliamentary coalition winning an absolute majority of votes would be awarded two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. The Christian Democracy-led coalition fell narrowly short of this majority in the election, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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