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Code Page 991
Mazovia encoding is a character set used under DOS to represent Polish text. The character set derives from code page 437, with specific positions modified to accommodate Polish letters. Notably, the Mazovia encoding maintains the block graphic characters from code page 437, distinguishing it from IBM's later official Central European code page 852, which failed to preserve all block graphics, leading to incorrect display in programs such as Norton Commander. The Mazovia encoding was designed in 1984 by Jan Klimowicz of . It was designed as part of a project to develop and produce a Polish IBM PC clone codenamed "". The code page was specifically optimized for the peripheral devices commonly used with the Mazovia 1016 computer, including a graphics card with dual switchable graphics, a keyboard with US English and Russian layouts, and printers with Polish fonts. The Mazovia encoding gained widespread acceptance and distribution in Poland when the Polish National Bank (NBP) adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pi (letter)
Pi (; Ancient Greek or , uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; ) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless bilabial plosive . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter Pe (Semitic letter), Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Latin alphabet, Latin P, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic Pe (Cyrillic), Pe (П, п), Coptic alphabet, Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic alphabet, Gothic pairthra (𐍀). Uppercase Pi The uppercase letter Π is used as a symbol for: * In textual criticism, ''Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament), Codex Petropolitanus'', a 9th-century uncial codex of the Gospels, now located in St. Petersburg, Russia. * In legal shorthand, it represents a plaintiff. * In Mathematical finance, it represents a portfolio. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering, In science and engineering: * The product (mathematics), product operator in mathematics, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escape Sequence
In computer science, an escape sequence is a combination of characters that has a meaning other than the literal characters contained therein; it is marked by one or more preceding (and possibly terminating) characters. Examples * In C and many derivative programming languages, a string escape sequence is a series of two or more characters, starting with a backslash \. ** Note that in C a backslash immediately followed by a newline does not constitute an escape sequence, but splices physical source lines into logical ones in the second translation phase, whereas string escape sequences are converted in the fifth translation phase. ** To represent the backslash character itself, \\ can be used, whereby the first backslash indicates an escape and the second specifies that a backslash is being escaped. ** A character may be escaped in multiple different ways. Assuming ASCII encoding, the escape sequences \x5c (hexadecimal), \\, and \134 (octal) all encode the same character: the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EPROM
An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) integrated circuit, chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits. Once programmed, an EPROM can be erased by exposing it to strong ultraviolet (UV) light source (such as from a mercury-vapor lamp). EPROMs are easily recognizable by the transparent fused quartz (or on later models' resin) window on the top of the package, through which the silicon chip is visible, and which permits exposure to ultraviolet light during erasing. It was invented by Dov Frohman in 1971. Operation Development of the EPROM memory cell (computing), memory cell started with investi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NEC Deutschland GmbH
is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. NEC has also been the largest PC vendor in Japan since the 1980s when it launched the PC-8000 series; it currently operates its domestic PC business in a joint venture with Lenovo. NEC was the world's fourth-largest PC manufacturer by 1990. Its semiconductors business unit was the world's largest semiconductor company by annual revenue from 1985 to 1992, the second largest in 1995, one of the top three in 2000, and one of the top 10 in 2006. NEC spun off its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory. Once Japan's major electronics company, NEC has largely w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fidonet
__ / \ /, oo \ (_, /_) _`@/_ \ _ , , \ \\ , (*) , \ )) ______ , __U__, / \// / FIDO \ _//, , _\ / (________) (_/(_, (____/ (c) John Madill FidoNet logo by John Madill FidoNet is a worldwide computer network that is used for communication between bulletin board systems (BBSes). It uses a store-and-forward system to exchange private (email) and public (forum) messages between the BBSes in the network, as well as other files and protocols in some cases. The FidoNet system was based on several small interacting programs, only one of which needed to be Porting, ported to support other BBS software. FidoNet was one of the few networks that was supported by almost all BBS software, as well as a number of non-BBS online services. This modular construction also allowed FidoNet to easily upgrade to new data c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamenický Encoding
The Kamenický encoding (), named for the brothers Jiří and Marian Kamenický, was a code page for personal computers running DOS, very popular in Czechoslovakia (since 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia) around 1985–1995. Another name for this encoding is KEYBCS2, the name of the terminate-and-stay-resident utility which implemented the matching keyboard driver. It was also named KAMENICKY. It was based on the code page 437 encoding (with accented characters for Western-European languages) where most of the characters from code points 128 to 173 were replaced by Czech and Slovak characters chosen so that the glyphs of the replacement characters resembled those of the original as closely as possible, e. g. č in the place of ç. This ensured that text in the Kamenický encoding was (barely) readable even on older or cheap computers with the original fonts (which were often in videocard ROM, making modification difficult if not impossible). A supplemental feature was th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardware Code Page
In computing, a hardware code page (HWCP) refers to a code page supported natively by a hardware device such as a display adapter or printer (computing), printer. The glyphs to present the characters are stored in the alphanumeric character generator's resident read-only memory (like Read-only memory, ROM or flash) and are thus not user-changeable. They are available for use by the system without having to load any computer font, font definitions into the device first. Startup messages issued by a Personal computer, PC's System BIOS or displayed by an operating system before initializing its own code page switching logic and font management and before switching to graphics mode are displayed in a computer's default hardware code page. Code page assignments In North American IBM-compatible PCs, the hardware code page of the display adapter is typically code page 437. However, various portable machines as well as (Eastern) European, Arabic, Middle Eastern and Asian PCs used a numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CWI-2 Encoding
CWI-2 (a.k.a. CWI, cp-hu, HUCWI, or HU8CWI2) is a Hungarian code page frequently used in the 1980s and early 1990s. If this code page is erroneously interpreted as code page 437, it will still be fairly readable (e.g. Á in place of Å). Character set The following table shows "CWI-2". Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half is shown, codes less than 128 are identical to code page 437. The Unicode encoding used by recode appears to differ in a number of code points: 9F , U+E01F , HUNGARIAN FLORIN (CWI_9F) E1 , U+03B2 , GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA E6 , U+03BC , GREEK SMALL LETTER MU ED , U+2205 , EMPTY SET F8 , U+2218 , RING OPERATOR F9 , U+00B7 , MIDDLE DOT FA , U+2022 , BULLET Several applications developed in Hungary use almost identical character sets with slight modifications, which include § (U+00A7, SECTION SIGN) at 0x9D and a forint sign (an upper-case F and lower-case t ligated into a single character) at 0x9E o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-breaking Space
In word processing and digital typesetting, a non-breaking space (), also called NBSP, required space, hard space, or fixed space (in most typefaces, it is not of fixed width), is a space character that prevents an automatic line break at its position. In some formats, including HTML, it also prevents consecutive whitespace characters from collapsing into a single space. Non-breaking space characters with other widths also exist. Uses Despite having layout and uses similar to those of whitespace, it differs in contextual behavior. Non-breaking behavior Text-processing software typically assumes that an automatic line break may be inserted anywhere a space character occurs; a non-breaking space prevents this from happening (provided the software recognizes the character). For example, if the text "100 km" will not quite fit at the end of a line, the software ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Square Root
In mathematics, a square root of a number is a number such that y^2 = x; in other words, a number whose ''square'' (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or y \cdot y) is . For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because 4^2 = (-4)^2 = 16. Every nonnegative real number has a unique nonnegative square root, called the ''principal square root'' or simply ''the square root'' (with a definite article, see below), which is denoted by \sqrt, where the symbol "\sqrt" is called the '' radical sign'' or ''radix''. For example, to express the fact that the principal square root of 9 is 3, we write \sqrt = 3. The term (or number) whose square root is being considered is known as the ''radicand''. The radicand is the number or expression underneath the radical sign, in this case, 9. For non-negative , the principal square root can also be written in exponent notation, as x^. Every positive number has two square roots: \sqrt (which is positive) and -\sqrt (which i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by and , respectively the less-than sign, less-than and greater-than sign, greater-than signs). Notation There are several different notations used to represent different kinds of inequalities: * The notation ''a'' ''b'' means that ''a'' is greater than ''b''. In either case, ''a'' is not equal to ''b''. These relations are known as strict inequalities, meaning that ''a'' is strictly less than or strictly greater than ''b''. Equality is excluded. In contrast to strict inequalities, there are two types of inequality relations that are not strict: * The notation ''a'' ≤ ''b'' or ''a'' ⩽ ''b'' or ''a'' ≦ ''b'' means that ''a'' is less than or equal to ''b'' (or, equivalently, at most ''b'', or no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
