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Cladia Occulta
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose or (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring in South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1870 with ''Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' and ''Ramalinora'' were nested within ''Cladina'', so they became synonyms in 2012. Because the name ''Heterodea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladia Aggregata
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose lichen, crustose or (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose lichen, fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring in South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1870 with ''Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Bertram Filson, Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (biology)
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called '' Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank – for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenoconium Echinosporum
''Lichenoconium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi belonging to the family Lichenoconiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Petrak and Hans Sydow in 1927, with '' Lichenoconium lichenicola'' assigned as the type species. Species The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepts 16 species in ''Lichenoconium'': * '' Lichenoconium aeruginosum'' * '' Lichenoconium cargillianum'' * '' Lichenoconium christiansenii'' * '' Lichenoconium echinosporum'' * '' Lichenoconium edgewoodense'' * '' Lichenoconium erodens'' * '' Lichenoconium follmannii'' * '' Lichenoconium hawksworthii'' * '' Lichenoconium laevisporum'' * '' Lichenoconium lecanorae'' * '' Lichenoconium lichenicola'' * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinothecium Cladoniae
''Echinothecium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Capnodiaceae The Capnodiaceae are a family (biology), family of fungus, fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as temperate .... References Capnodiaceae Dothideomycetes genera Taxa named by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Taxa described in 1898 {{Capnodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species across 280 genera, exhibit a wide range of ecological strategies, including parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. They can be found in diverse environments worldwide, from tropical to polar regions, and play important roles in lichen ecology and biodiversity. Lichenicolous fungi are classified into several taxonomic groups, with the majority belonging to the Ascomycota and a smaller portion to the Basidiomycota. Their interactions with host lichens range from mild parasitism to severe pathogenicity, sometimes causing significant damage to lichen communities. While the study of lichenicolous fungi dates back to the mid-18th century, recent decades have seen significant advancements through modern research methods, including molecular techniques, metagenomics, and sophisticated imaging. These fungi show vary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidia
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophore A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word f ...s. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospores escape. References {{reflist Further reading *Kulik, Martin M. "Symptomless infection, persistence, and production of pycnidia in host and non-host plants by Phomopsis batatae, Phomopsis phaseoli, and Phomopsis sojae, and the taxonomic implications." Mycologia(1984): 274–291. *Calpouzos, L., and D. B. Lapis. "Effects of l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudopodetia
A podetium (plural: podetia) is the upright secondary thallus in ''Cladonia'' lichens. It is a hollow Stipe (mycology), stalk extending from the . Podetia can be pointed stalks, Club (weapon), club like, cupped, or branched in shape and may or may not contain the ascocarp, the fruiting body, of the lichen. It is not considered part of the primary thallus as it is a fruiting structure for reproduction. A lichen can be described as "podetiate" when it forms a podetium. Structure and development Podetia are unique expanded structures produced at the tips of the in ''Cladonia''. They are produced in three section (botany), sections of ''Cladonia'': true , podetia, and funnel-like structures. The development of podetia is highly variable, with growth rates depending on species and environmental conditions. Annual growth typically ranges from 1 to 15 mm. True scyphi are goblet-like structures that are closed or rarely secondarily perforated at the bottom. They usually produce nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rexiella
''Rexiella'' is a lichen genus in the family Cladoniaceae. The genus, originally circumscribed with the name ''Rexia'' by authors Soili Stenroos, Raquel Pino-Bodas, and Teuvo Ahti in 2018, was created to contain the species ''Cladonia sullivanii'', first formally described in 1882 by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis. After publication of the new genus, it was discovered that the name was illegitimate, because an earlier homonym had been published; the generic name '' Rexia'' had already been created in 2006 to contain the cyanobacterial species ''Rexia erecta''. The new name ''Rexiella'' was therefore proposed in 2019. Both the original name ''Rexia'' and the replacement name ''Rexiella'' honour the Australian lichenologist Rex Filson, who published monographs on the genera '' Cladia'' and '' Heterodea''. ''Rexiella'' differs from ''Cladia'' by the presence of thick pseudopodetia with black to white, tightly packed, and loosely woven medulla. The genus produces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulchrocladia
''Pulchrocladia'' is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed in 2018 by lichenologists Soili Stenroos, Raquel Pino-Bodas, Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, and Teuvo Ahti. The genus name (from the Latin ''pulchro'', meaning "pretty" or "beautiful") refers to "the beautiful morphology of its species". Species *'' Pulchrocladia corallaizon'' *'' Pulchrocladia ferdinandii'' *''Pulchrocladia retipora ''Pulchrocladia retipora'', commonly known as the coral lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found predominantly in Australasia, its habitats range from the Australian Capital Territory to New Zealand's North a ...'' References Cladoniaceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 2018 Taxa named by Teuvo Ahti Taxa named by Soili Stenroos Taxa named by Helge Thorsten Lumbsch {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
