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Citrus Chachexia Viroid
The hop stunt viroid (abbreviated HSVd, binomial name ''Hostuviroid impedihumuli'') is a viroid species that infects the common hop plant, citrus plants, grapevines, cucumber, and several ''Prunus'' species such as almond, apricot, plum, and peach. It is asymptomatic or latent in most host plants, but in some hosts it can cause stunting and other symptoms. A study of HSVd-infected hops in the USA showed that the severity of yield reduction was highly dependent on the infected hop cultivar. HSVd is a member of the Pospiviroidae family and the Hostuviroid genus. There are various different sub-species of the hop stunt viroid. Genome The hop stunt viroid has a single-stranded RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself ( non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins ( messenger RNA). RNA and deoxy ... genome; the genome is 297 nucleotides long. Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viroid
Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective economic importance to humans varies widely. A recent metatranscriptomics study suggests that the host diversity of viroids and viroid-like elements is broader than previously thought and that it would not be limited to plants, encompassing even the prokaryotes. The first discoveries of viroids in the 1970s triggered the historically third major extension of the biosphere—to include smaller lifelike entities—after the discoveries in 1675 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (of the "subvisible" microorganisms) and in 1892–1898 by Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky and Martinus Beijerinck (of the "submicroscopic" viruses). The unique properties of viroids have been recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, in creating a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hops
Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant ''Humulus lupulus'', a member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants. They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring, and stability agent in beer, to which, in addition to bitterness, they impart floral, fruity, or citrus flavours and aromas. Hops are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hops plants have separate female and male plants, and only female plants are used for commercial production. The hop plant is a vigorous climbing herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and United States) when grown commercially. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers around the world, with different types used for particular styles of beer. The first documented use of hops in beer is from the 9th century, though Hildegard of Bingen, 300 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prunus
''Prunus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs from the family (biology), family Rosaceae. The genus includes plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots and almonds (collectively Drupe, stonefruit). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, being native to the temperate regions of North America, the neotropics of South America, and temperate and tropical regions of Eurasia and Africa, There are about 340 accepted species . Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for their sweet, fleshy fruit and for decorative purposes of their flowers. ''Prunus'' fruit are drupes, or stone fruits. The fleshy Fruit anatomy, mesocarp surrounding the Fruit anatomy, endocarp is edible while the endocarp itself forms a hard, inedible shell called the pyrena ("stone" or "pit"). This shell encloses the seed (or "kernel"), which is edible in some species (such as sweet almonds), but poisonous in many others (such as apricot kernels). Besides being eaten off the hand, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pospiviroidae
The Pospiviroidae are a ''incertae sedis'' family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus Pospiviroid. Their secondary structure is key to their biological activity. The classification of this family is based on differences in the conserved central region sequence. ''Pospiviroidae'' replication occurs in an asymmetric fashion via host cell RNA polymerase, RNase, and RNA ligase. Its hosts are plants, specifically dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. The severity of the infection can vary from no effect to devastating and widespread damage to a population. This can also depend on the virus-host combination. Genome Members of the family Pospiviroidae have circular ssRNA of 246–375 nt. They assume rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformations containing a central conserved region (CCR) and a terminal conserved hairpin (TCH) or a terminal conserved region (TCR). The genome of viroids does not encode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hostuviroid
Hostuviroid is a genus of ssRNA viroids that includes '' Hop stunt viroid'', a species of viroids that infects many different types of plants, including the common hop plant. It belongs to the family ''Pospiviroidae The Pospiviroidae are a ''incertae sedis'' family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus Pospiviroid. Their secondary structure is key to their biological act ...''. Taxonomy References External linksICTV Report: ''Pospiviroidae'' Viroids Virus genera {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-stranded RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself ( non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins ( messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus Gummy Bark Viroid
The citrus gummy bark viroid (abbreviated CGBVd) is a strain of '' Hop stunt viroid'', and thus is a member of the genus ''Hostuviroid''. As the name suggests, the citrus gummy bark viroid causes problems in the bark of the sweet orange tree. Scraping the bark exposes localized spots or a line of reddish-brown, gum-impregnated tissue around the scion Scion may refer to: Horticulture *Scion (grafting), in horticulture, the upper part of a combined plant Arts, entertainment, and media Characters *Atlantean Scion, a device in the ''Tomb Raider'' video game series *Scion, avatar of the warrior en ... circumference especially visible near the bud union. The discoloration and gumming may extend above the bud union to the main branches of the sweet orange while in severe infection dark streaks of gum-impregnated tissue may also be observed in longitudinal sections. References Viroids Viral citrus diseases Infraspecific virus taxa {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dapple Peach Fruit Disease Viroid
The hop stunt viroid (abbreviated HSVd, binomial name ''Hostuviroid impedihumuli'') is a viroid species that infects the common hop plant, citrus plants, grapevines, cucumber, and several ''Prunus'' species such as almond, apricot, plum, and peach. It is asymptomatic or latent in most host plants, but in some hosts it can cause stunting and other symptoms. A study of HSVd-infected hops in the USA showed that the severity of yield reduction was highly dependent on the infected hop cultivar. HSVd is a member of the Pospiviroidae family and the Hostuviroid genus. There are various different sub-species of the hop stunt viroid. Genome The hop stunt viroid has a single-stranded RNA genome; the genome is 297 nucleotides long. Strains All strains are from NCBI. * Citrus gummy bark viroid * Dapple peach fruit disease viroid * Dapple plum and peach fruit disease viroid * Grapevine viroid The hop stunt viroid (abbreviated HSVd, binomial name ''Hostuviroid impedihumuli'') is a vir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hop Stunt Viroid - Citrus
A hop is a type of jump. Hop or hops may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Hop'' (film), a 2011 film * ''Hop'' (mixtape), a 2024 mixtape by Stray Kids * Hop! Channel, an Israeli TV channel * ''House of Payne'', or ''HOP'', an American sitcom * Lindy Hop, a swing dance of the 1920s and 1930s * Sock hop, an informal gathering which includes dancing * Hop Harrigan, a character in American comic books, radio serials and film serials from 1939 into the 1940s * Hop, a character from ''Pokémon Sword and Shield'' People * Hop Bartlett, American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues in 1924 and 1925 * Hop Wilson (1921–1975), American Texas blues steel guitar player Places * Hop River, Connecticut, United States * Hop Creek, South Dakota, United States * Hóp (Iceland), a lake * Hóp, a Viking settlement in Vinland Plants * ''Humulus lupulus'', the hop plant ** Hops, its flower, used to prepare beer and other food Science and medicine * HOP (gene), encoding the homeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
