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Citroën
Citroën ()The double-dot diacritic over the 'e' is a diaeresis () indicating the two vowels are sounded separately, and not as a diphthong. is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded on 4 June 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën has been owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired 89.95% share in 1976. Citroën's head office is located in the Stellantis Poissy Plant in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine since 2021 (previously in Rueil-Malmaison) and its offices studies and research in Vélizy-Villacoublay, Poissy (CEMR), Carrières-sous-Poissy and Sochaux-Montbéliard. In 1934, the firm established its reputation for innovative technology with the Citroën Traction Avant, Traction Avant. This was the world's first car to be mass-produced with front-wheel drive and four-wheel independent suspension, as well as unibody construction, omitting a separate chassis, and instead using the body of the car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citroën DS
The Citroën DS () is a Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, front mid-engined, front-wheel drive executive car manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1955 to 1975, in fastback/sedan, wagon/estate, and convertible body configurations, across three series of one generation. Marketed with a less expensive variant, the Citroën ID, the DS was known for its aerodynamic, futuristic body design; unorthodox, quirky, and innovative technology, and set new standards in ride quality, car handling, handling, and braking, thanks to both being the first mass production car equipped with hydropneumatic suspension, as well as disc brakes. The 1967 series 3 also introduced ''directional headlights'' to a mass-produced car.After this feature was first introduced on the 1948 Tucker 'Torpedo', of which 50 were built. Italian sculptor and industrial designer Flaminio Bertoni and the French aeronautical engineer André Lefèbvre styled and engineered the car, and Paul Magès developed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stellantis
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automaker formed in 2021 through the Mergers and acquisitions, merger of the Italian–American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group, PSA (Peugeot S.A.) Group. The company's headquarters is in Hoofddorp, Netherlands. In February 2025, Stellantis was the world's fifth-largest automaker by sales volume, trailing Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, and Renault Nissan Alliance, according to industry reports. That same year, it ranked 61st on the Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000 list of the world’s largest public companies. Its shares are listed on the Euronext Paris, Borsa Italiana, and New York Stock Exchange. Stellantis designs, manufactures, and markets vehicles under 14 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler (brand), Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS Automobiles, DS, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugeot, Ram Trucks, and Vauxhall Motors, Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, the company rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSA Group
Peugeot S.A., trading as Groupe PSA () (formerly PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) was a French Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company which produced automobiles and motorcycles under the Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles, DS, Opel and Vauxhall Motors, Vauxhall brands. On 18 December 2019, PSA and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) announced that they had agreed to the terms of a binding £38 billion merger. On 16 July 2020, both companies announced the new name for their merged operations, Stellantis. The deal closed on 16 January 2021. , Stellantis is the fourth largest automaker by sales behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, and Hyundai Motor Group. Peugeot was the largest PSA brand. PSA was listed on the Euronext Paris stock exchange and was a constituent of the CAC 40 index. Beginning in 2016, PSA began to outline a strategy which entailed the rapid expansion of the company, through both geographic expansion and acquisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citroën Traction Avant
The Citroën Traction Avant () is the world's first mass-produced, semi-monocoque bodied, front-wheel drive car. A range of mostly four-door saloon (automobile), saloons and executive cars, as well as longer wheelbased ''"Commerciale"'', and three row seating ''"Familiale"'' models, were produced with four- and six-cylinder engines, by French carmaker Citroën from 1934 to 1957. With some 760,000 units built, the Traction Avants were the first front-wheel drives made in such (six-figure) quantity. Whilst front-wheel drive and four-wheel independent suspension had been established in production cars by Auto Union, and subsequently by others a few years prior – the Traction Avant pioneered integrating these into a mass-production car with a crash resistant, largely unitary, monocoque body. Additionally, the car was also an early adopter of Rack and pinion#Steering, rack and pinion steering. Although the car's name ("Traction Avant" literally means "front traction") emphasized its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Citroën
André-Gustave Citroën (; 5 February 1878 – 3 July 1935) was a French industrialist and the founder of French automaker Citroën. He is also remembered for his application of double helical gears. Life and career Born in Paris in 1878, André-Gustave Citroen was the fifth and last child of Jewish parents, diamond merchant Levie Citroen and Masza Amelia Kleinman. He was a cousin of the British philosopher Sir A. J. Ayer (the only son of his aunt Reine). The Citroen family descended from a grandfather in the Netherlands who had been a greengrocer and seller of tropical fruit, and had taken the surname of , Dutch for "lime man"; his son however changed it to (), which in Dutch means "lemon". In 1873 the family moved to Paris; upon arrival, the French was added to the surname (reputedly by one of André's teachers), changing to . His father died by suicide when André was six years old (presumably after failure in a business venture in a diamond mine in South Africa). It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Car Of The Year
The European Car of the Year award is an international Car of the Year award established in 1964 by a collective of automobile magazines from different countries in Europe. The current organising media of the award are '' Auto'' (Italy), '' Autocar'' (United Kingdom), '' Autopista'' (Spain), '' Autovisie'' (Netherlands), '' L'Automobile Magazine'' (France), '' Stern'' (Germany) and '' Vi Bilägare'' (Sweden). The voting jury consists of motoring journalists from publications throughout Europe. Representation from each country is based on the size of the country's car market, and car manufacturing industry. There are no categories or class winners — the stated objective is to find a "single, decisive winner" among all competing cars. Since 1977, the jury gathers every late September at Hotel Tannishus in Tversted, Denmark to compare and test drive most of the eligible cars, an event also known as the ''Tannistest''. Besides driving on public roads, the jury has the opportunity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peugeot
Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark. Armand Peugeot (1849–1915) built the company's first vehicle, a Steam car, steam-powered tricycle. In 1886, the company collaborated with Léon Serpollet, followed by the development of an internal combustion car in 1890, which used a Panhard-Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Daimler engine. The Peugeot family and company are originally from Sochaux, where Peugeot still operates a large manufacturing facility and the Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot, Peugeot Museum. Peugeot vehicles have received numerous international accolades, including six European Car of the Year awards. The brand also boasts over a century of success in motorsport, with victories including the Indianapolis 500 in 1913, 1916, and 1919. Peugeot Spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, ''headlamp'' is the term for the device itself and ''headlight'' is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device. Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness. Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo. History of automotive headlamps Origins The first horseless carriages used carriage lamps, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front-wheel Drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of internal combustion engine, engine and transmission (mechanics), transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in automobile layout#Rear wheel drive layouts, rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel drive, four-wheel-drive vehicles. Location of engine and transmission By far the most common layout for a front-wheel-drive car is with the engine and transmission at the front of the car, mounted transversely. Other layouts of front-wheel drive that have been occasionally produced are a front-engine mounted longitudinally, a mid-engine layout and a rear-engine layout. History Prior to 1900 Experiments with front-wheel-drive cars date to the early days of the automobile. The world's first self-propelled vehicle, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot's 1769/1770 Nicola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stellantis Poissy Plant
The Stellantis site in Poissy (Yvelines, France) has an automobile production plant, a digital production plant and a "Green Campus", on bordering the river "Seine, La Seine" and served by the railway and the Paris-Normandy, Normandie motorways. Together with the :fr: Centre technique PSA de Carrières-sous-Poissy, R&D Centres at Carrières-sous-Poissy and at :fr:Centre technique PSA de Vélizy, Vélizy, it is one of three major establishments that the company runs in Yvelines, the department. The Poissy plant was commissioned by Ford SAF, Ford France in 1937 and opened in 1940 a few weeks before the Battle of France, German invasion. When, in 1954, Ford sold their business to Simca, the Poissy plant was included in the deal. Less than ten years later Simca closed their existing plant at Nanterre, leaving Poissy as their only significant auto-production facility. Ownership passed again in 1963, this time to Chrysler who in that year acquired a controlling interest in Simca. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mors (automobile)
The Mors automobile factory was an early French car manufacturer. It was one of the first to take part in automobile racing, beginning in 1897, due to the belief of the company founder, Émile Mors, in racing's technical and promotional benefits. By the turn of the century, automobile racing had become largely a contest between Mors and Panhard et Levassor. Technical achievements Mors was one of the first automobiles to use the V engine configuration. The Mors 60 horsepower Grand Prix car was powered by a 9.2-litre V4 side valve engine, with magneto ignition and dry sump lubrication, which could reach 950 rpm. The car had a steel chassis and a four-speed transmission that drove the rear wheels via chain drive, and rear-wheel brakes. In 1902, Mors added pneumatic shock absorbers to their cars, which represented a great leap forward given the quality of the roads and racetracks at the time. With this car, Henri Fournier was able to win the highly significant Paris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unibody
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its ''chassis'', is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism. Until the 1930s, virtually every car had a structural frame separate from its body, known as ''body-on-frame'' construction. Both mass production of completed vehicles by a manufacturer using this method, epitomized by the Ford Model T, and supply of rolling chassis to coachbuilders for both mass production (as by Fisher Body in the United States) and to smaller firms (such as Hooper (coachbuilder), Hooper) for bespoke bodies and interiors was practiced. By the 1960s, unibody construction in passenger cars had become common, and the trend towards building unibody passenger cars continued over the ensuing decades. Nearly all trucks, buses, and most Pickup truck, pickups continue to use a separate frame as their chassis. Functions The main functions of a frame in a motor vehicle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
