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Citizens United V. Federal Election Commission
''Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission'', 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court regarding Campaign finance in the United States, campaign finance laws, in which the Court found that laws restricting the political spending of corporations and Trade union, unions are inconsistent with the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court's 5–4 ruling in favor of Citizens United sparked significant controversy, with some viewing it as a defense of American principles of Freedom of speech in the United States, free speech and a safeguard against government overreach, while others criticized it as promoting corporate personhood and granting disproportionate political power to large corporations. The majority held that the prohibition of all independent expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizens United (organization)
Citizens United is a Conservatism in the United States, conservative 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization in the United States founded in 1988. In 2010, the organization won a U.S. Supreme Court case known as ''Citizens United v. FEC''. The Court ruled that corporations and unions could not be prohibited from making independent expenditures in federal elections, citing First Amendment protections of free speech. As of 2025, the organization’s president and chairman is David Bossie. Overview Citizens United's stated mission is to restore the United States government to "citizens' control, through a combination of education, advocacy, and grass-roots organization" seeking to "reassert the traditional American values of limited government, freedom of enterprise, strong families, and national sovereignty and security."Who We Are CitizensUnited.org< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. Obama previously served as a U.S. senator representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama graduated from Columbia University in 1983 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and later worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the ''Harvard Law Review''. He became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. In 1996, Obama was elected to represent the 13th district in the Illinois Senate, a position he held until 2004, when he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate. In the 2008 pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and the first lady of the United States as the wife of Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, she was the party's nominee in the 2016 United States presidential election, 2016 presidential election, becoming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. political party and the only woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president. However, she lost the electoral college to Republican Donald Trump. She is the only first lady of the United States to have run for elected office. Rodham graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Movie
"The Movie" is the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television sitcom ''Seinfeld'' (and the 54th episode overall). It first aired on NBC in the United States on January 6, 1993. The episode revolves entirely around the characters' struggles to go to see a movie together. Plot Jerry has two stand-up acts scheduled for the same night; due to a delay in one of them, he cannot make both shows. A hopeful comedian, Buckles, hangs around to fill in when somebody drops out. Jerry intended to meet his friends to see a movie, ''CheckMate'', at 10:30. However, given the situation, he agrees to skip the movie and reschedule his act to the 11:00 slot. Jerry first heads to the earlier scheduled comedy act, only to learn that the act was scheduled for 9:15, not 9:50 as Jerry thought, and Buckles ended up filling his spot. Jerry then heads to the movie theater to inform his friends that he won't accompany them. Buckles insists on sharing the taxicab with Jerry, and irrit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Presidential Election In The US
United States presidential election, Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 4, 2008. The Democratic Party (United States), Democratic ticket of Barack Obama, the junior list of United States senators from Illinois, senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, the senior list of United States senators from Delaware, senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican Party (United States), Republican ticket of John McCain, the senior list of United States senators from Arizona, senator from Arizona, and Sarah Palin, the list of governors of Alaska, governor of Alaska. Obama became the first African American to be elected to the presidency. Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the Term limits in the United States, term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, Twenty-second Amendment; this was the first election since 1952 United States presidential election, 1952 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Election Campaign Act
The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA, , ''et seq.'') is the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign fundraising and spending. The law originally focused on creating limits for campaign spending on communication media, adding additional penalties to the criminal code for election law violations, and imposing disclosure requirements for federal political campaigns. The Act was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on February 7, 1972. In 1974, the act was amended to create the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and to further regulate campaign spending. The act was amended again in 1976, in response to the provisions ruled unconstitutional by '' Buckley v. Valeo,'' including the structure of the FEC and the limits on campaign expenditures, and again in 1979 to allow parties to spend unlimited amounts of hard money on activities like increasing voter turnout and registration. In 1979, the FEC ruled that political parties could spend unreg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat who served as the 68th United States secretary of state from 2013 to 2017 in the Presidency of Barack Obama#Administration, administration of Barack Obama. A member of the Forbes family and of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1985 to 2013 and later served as the first U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, U.S. special presidential envoy for climate from 2021 to 2024. Kerry was the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2004 United States presidential election, 2004 election, losing to then-incumbent president George W. Bush. Kerry grew up in Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. In 1966, after graduating from Yale University, he enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve, ultimately attaining the rank of lieutenant (navy), lieutenant. During the Vietnam War, Kerr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celsius 41
The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius temperature scale "Celsius temperature scale, also called centigrade temperature scale, scale based on 0 ° for the melting point of water and 100 ° for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure." (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden), one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI), the other being the closely related Kelvin scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific point on the Celsius temperature scale or to a difference or range between two temperatures. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who proposed the first version of it in 1742. The unit was called ''centigrade'' in several languages (from the Latin ''centum'', which means 100, and ''gradus'', which means steps) for many years. In 1948, the International Committee for Weights and Measures renamed it to honor Celsius and also to remove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 11 Attacks
The September 11 attacks, also known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners, crashing the first two into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense) in Arlington County, Virginia. The fourth plane crashed in a rural Pennsylvania field during a passenger revolt. The attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the global war on terror over multiple decades to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them. Ringleader Mohamed Atta flew American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center complex at 8:46 a.m. Seventeen minutes later at 9:03 a.m., United Airlines Flig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George W
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Bush family and the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he is the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush, and was the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush flew warplanes in the Texas Air National Guard in his twenties. After graduating from Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. He later co-owned the Major League Baseball team Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers before being elected governor of Texas 1994 Texas gubernatorial election, in 1994. Governorship of George W. Bush, As governor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for tort reform, increased education funding, set higher standards for schools, and reformed the criminal justice system. He also helped make Texas the Wind power in Texas, leading producer of wind-generated electricity in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docudrama
Docudrama (or documentary drama) is a genre of television show, television and feature film, film, which features Drama (film and television), dramatized Historical reenactment, re-enactments of actual events. It is described as a hybrid of documentary and drama and "a fact-based representation of real event". Docudramas typically strive to adhere to known historical facts, while allowing some degree of Artistic license, dramatic license in peripheral details, such as when there are gaps in the historical record. Dialogue may, or may not, include the actual words of Reality, real-life people, as recorded in historical documents. Docudrama producers sometimes choose to film their reconstructed events in the actual locations in which the historical events occurred. A docudrama, in which historical fidelity is the keynote, is generally distinguished from a film merely "List of films based on actual events, based on true events", a term which implies a greater degree of dramatic lic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fahrenheit 9/11
''Fahrenheit 9/11'' is a 2004 American documentary film directed, written by, and starring Michael Moore. The subjects of the film are the presidency of George W. Bush, the Iraq War, and the media's coverage of the war. In the film, Moore states that American corporate media were cheerleaders for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and did not provide an accurate or objective analysis of the rationale for the war and the resulting casualties there. The title of the film alludes to Ray Bradbury's 1953 novel ''Fahrenheit 451'', a dystopian view of the future United States, drawing an analogy between the autoignition temperature of paper and the date of the September 11 attacks; one of the film's taglines was "The Temperature at Which Freedom Burns". The film debuted at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the Palme d'Or, the festival's highest award. It received generally positive reviews from critics, but it also generated Fahrenheit 9/11 controversies, intense controve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
