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Cirrothauma Hoylei
''Cirrothauma'' is a genus of deep water octopuses from the cirrate family Cirroteuthidae. The species of ''Cirrothauma'' are fragile, gelatinous deep-sea octopods with a large 'butterfly-shaped' shell. They are unique in the Octopoda in being blind, with eyes lacking lenses and being imbedded/covered in head tissues. The genus contains a single species ''Cirrothauma murrayi''. Species and taxonomy Two other species have formerly been included in ''Cirrothauma'', but have recently been allocated to their own genus (''Inopinoteuthis''): ''Inopinoteuthis magna'' (Hoyle, 1885) and ''Inopinoteuthis hoylei'' (Robson, 1932). Both ''Cirrothauma'' and ''Inopinoteuthis'' have butterfly-shaped shells, and much longer arms than the related ''Cirroteuthis''. Genera ''Cirrothauma'' and ''Inopinoteuthis'' can be separated given the presence of well-developed eyes on ''Inopinoteuthis'' (vs. vestigial eyes) as well as the presence of functional suckers with suction chambers on ''Inopino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Chun
Carl Chun or Karl Friedrich Gustav Chun (1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist who worked as a professor at the Universities of Königsberg (1883), Breslau (1891) and Leipzig (1898). He was a pioneer of German oceanographic research, organizing the first deep-sea expedition aboard the ''SS Valdivia'' in 1898-99. He spent much of his life studying the collections made during the expedition, and was responsible for discovering many marine organisms, including the vampire squid. Life and work Chun was born in Höchst, today a part of Frankfurt, where his father Gustav (1827–1907) was rector of the Weißfrauenschule. Chun went to the Lessing Gymnasium and became interested in zoology from an early age thanks to the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt where he listened to lectures by Fritz Noll, Hermann Theodor Geyler, and Karl von Fritsch. He studied at the University of Göttingen and then at the University of Leipzig, receiving a doctorate in 1874. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octopus
An octopus (: octopuses or octopodes) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (, ). The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, an octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beaked mouth at the centre point of the eight limbs. An octopus can radically deform its shape, enabling it to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their appendages behind them as they swim. The siphon is used for respiration and locomotion (by water jet propulsion). Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse invertebrates. Octopuses inhabit various ocean habitats, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow quickly, mature early, and are short-lived. In most species, the male uses a speciall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirrata
Cirrina or Cirrata is a suborder and one of the two main divisions of octopuses. Cirrate octopuses have a Cirrate shell, small, internal shell and Cephalopod fin, two fins on their head, while their sister suborder Incirrina has neither. The fins of cirrate octopods are associated with a unique cartilage-like shell in a shell sac. In cross-section, the fins have distinct proximal and distal regions, both of which are covered by a thin surface sheath of muscle. The suborder is named for small, cilia-like strands (cirri) on the arms of the octopus, a pair for each sucker. These are thought to play some role in feeding, perhaps by creating currents of water that help bring food closer to the beak. Cirrate octopuses are noteworthy for lacking ink sacs, having reduced or absent radula, and reduced gills. The oldest known member of the group is ''Paleocirroteuthis'' from the Late Cretaceous of Japan and Canada. There is not much data about cirrate octopods due to their fragility, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirroteuthidae
Cirroteuthidae is a family of pelagic cirrate octopuses comprising at least five species in three genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s .... Description The cirrate octopods have a unique internal shell, positioned dorsally above the viscera and with a 'saddle-like' shape in ''Cirroteuthis'' (or 'butterfly-like' in ''Cirrothauma'' and ''Inopinoteuthis'' due to the anterior corners being more drawn out). The lateral faces of the 'saddle' acting as large attachment sites for fin muscles, supporting proportionally large and powerful fins. The arms are elongate and have both a primary web, forming most of the webbing, and a secondary web connecting the primary webbing to the aboral (outer) faces of each arm. The cirri, pairs of small finger-like projections between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirrothauma Murrayi
''Cirrothauma murrayi'', the blind cirrate octopus, is a presumably blind octopus whose eyes can likely sense light, but not form images. It has been found worldwide, usually beneath the ocean's surface, but a single specimen was collected in the Arctic immediately below the sea ice. Like other cirrates, it has an internal shell, muscular fins for swimming, and a web connecting the arms. The species was first caught by an expedition led by Sir John Murray in 1910, and it was later named in honor of Murray. It was described by German marine biologist Carl Chun in 1911. The diet of this species is unknown, but like other cirrate octopods, the buccal mass, esophagus, and stomach of ''Cirrothauma murrayi'' suggest whole (but very small) organisms, especially small crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site has not been updated since 2011, however the pages are still accessible. The pages are linked hierarchically, in the form of the branching evolutionary tree of life, organized cladistically. Each page contains information about one particular group of organisms and is organized according to a branched tree-like form, thus showing hypothetical relationships between different groups of organisms. In 2009 the project ran into funding problems from the University of Arizona. Pages and Treehouses submitted took a considerably longer time to be approved as they were being reviewed by a small group of volunteers, and apparently, around 2011, all activities ended. History The idea of this project started in the late 1980s. David Maddison ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard E
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include " Richie", " Dick", " Dickon", " Dickie", " Rich", " Rick", "Rico (name), Rico", " Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English (the name was introduced into England by the Normans), German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Portuguese and Spanish "Ricardo" and the Italian "Riccardo" (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Andersen (other) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Vecchione
Michael Vecchione is an American zoologist currently at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2001. His highest cited paper is ''Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks'' at 661 times, according to Google Scholar. His current interests are marine biodiversity and cephalopods. He described the Bigfin squid, Magnapinnidae family in 1998 along with Richard E. Young, Richard Young. Education He earned his B.S. at University of Miami in 1972 and his Ph.D. at College of William and Mary in 1979. Publications *Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem, 9, Biogeosciences, 2010 *The evolution of coleoid cephalopods and their present biodiversity and ecology, RE Young, M Vecchione, DT Donovan, 20, African Journal of Marine Science 1998 *''Octopus, Squid, and Cuttlefish: A Visual Scienti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inopinoteuthis
''Inopinoteuthis'' is a genus of deepsea octopuses from the cirrate family Cirroteuthidae Cirroteuthidae is a family of pelagic cirrate octopuses comprising at least five species in three genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil o .... The two recognized species are fragile, gelatinous deep-sea octopods with a large 'butterfly-shaped' shell. One of the two species, ''I. magna'', attains the greatest size of any cirrate octopus at 1.7 m long. Species and taxonomy The two species have formerly been included in ''Cirrothauma''. Both ''Cirrothauma'' and ''Inopinoteuthis'' have butterfly-shaped shells, and much longer arms than the related ''Cirroteuthis'' (the two genera also lack the web nodules found on ''Cirroteuthis'', and have fewer gill lamellae). Genera ''Cirrothauma'' and ''Inopinoteuthis'' can be separated given the presence of well-developed eyes on ''Inopinote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirrothauma Magna
''Cirrothauma magna'', also known as the big-eye jellyhead, is a species of deep-sea cirrate octopus that has been found in the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans. It is known from four damaged specimens. The species was originally described in genus ''Cirroteuthis'', and was later allocated to ''Cirrothauma'' since its shell and elongate arms are similar to those of ''Cirrothauma murrayi ''Cirrothauma murrayi'', the blind cirrate octopus, is a presumably blind octopus whose eyes can likely sense light, but not form images. It has been found worldwide, usually beneath the ocean's surface, but a single specimen was collected in the ...''. More recently the species (along with ''I. hoylei'') has been allocated to a separate genus (''Inopinoteuthis'') given that these species differ rather strongly from ''Cirrothauma'' in having functional eyes (vs. vestigial eyes in ''C. murrayi'') and differ greatly in sucker form. ''Cirrothauma magna'' is likely the largest species of cirra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
