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Chōnaikai
A is a Japanese local community of citizens or a form of neighborhood association. History Before the Meiji Restoration, more than 70,000 municipalities in Japan were small entities. The new centralized government viewed them as potential areas of unrest. Two waves of municipal mergers intended to weaken those entities. This resulted in ''chōnaikai'', informal associations taking the place of former village or neighbourhood communities. During World War II, these associations were involved in many points: * Civil defense against bombing and ensuing fires * Maintenance of roads and public buildings * Supply of food and first aid gear During the Occupation of Japan, the American provisional government forbade them. They were allowed only after the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951. Nowadays, the ''chōnaikai'' are put forward again and are gathered in a nationwide . Characteristics A ''chōnaikai'' deals with five criteria: Territory The local government generally covers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neighborhood Association
A neighborhood association (NA) is a group of residents or property owners who advocate to organize activities within a neighborhood. An association may have elected leaders and voluntary dues. Some neighborhood associations in the United States are incorporated, may be recognized by the Internal Revenue Service as 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization, and may enjoy freedom from taxation from their home state. The term ''neighborhood association'' is sometimes incorrectly used instead of homeowners association. But neighborhood associations are not homeowners associations - groups of property owners with the legal authority to enforce rules and regulations that focus on restrictions and building and safety issues. A neighborhood association is a group of neighbors and business owners who work together for changes and improvements such as neighborhood safety, beautification and social activities. They reinforce rules and regulations through education, peer pressure and by looking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |