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Chinese Next-generation Crewed Spacecraft
The Mengzhou (), formerly known as the Next-Generation Crewed Spacecraft (), is a type of reusable spacecraft developed and manufactured by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The spacecraft prototype underwent its first uncrewed test flight on 5 May 2020. The crew carrier is designed to conduct lunar exploration in conjunction with China's future lunar descent spacecraft, the Lanyue lander, by the end of the 2020s. A low-earth orbit (LEO) version of the spacecraft intended to ferry astronauts to the Tiangong space station is also under development; this LEO version will serve as a modern replacement for the existing Shenzhou spacecraft. The new spacecraft is expected to attain crewed flight capability around 2027–2028. Nomenclature On the Chinese Lantern Festival (24 February 2024), a traditional holiday that celebrates family reunions and ancestral worship, China unveiled the official names of its new vehicles for its future crewed lunar exploratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Academy Of Space Technology
The China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) () is a Chinese space agency and subordinate of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The agency was founded on 20 February 1968, and is the main spacecraft development and production facility in China. On 24 April 1970, CAST successfully launched China's first artificial satellite Dong Fang Hong I. Space flight programmes CAST designs and manufactures the Dong Fang Hong satellites. U.S. sanctions CAST is the majority shareholder of listed company China Spacesat. On 30 June 2020, CAST owns 51.46% of China Spacesat Co. In August 2020, the United States Department of Defense published the names of companies linked to the People's Liberation Army operating directly or indirectly in the United States. China Spacesat Co. was included on the list. In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Depar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 7
The Long March 7 (), or Chang Zheng 7 in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed Bingjian (), is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST). It made its inaugural flight on 25 June 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants was expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, projected to account for around 70% of all Chinese launches. Long March 7 plays a critical role in the Chinese Space Station program: it is used to launch the Tianzhou robotic cargo and resupply spacecraft to the station. The rocket was intended to replace the Long March 2F as China's crew-rated launch vehicle in the future, although by 2023 this role has apparently been taken over by the under-development Long March 10 and Long March 10A. Since 2020, in addition to the base Long March 7 config ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaganyaan
Gaganyaan (,, from Sanskrit: , "celestial" and , "craft, vehicle") is an Indian List of crewed spacecraft, crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities. In its maiden crewed mission, the ISRO, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)'s largely autonomous 5.3-Tonne, metric tonne capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a two- or three-person crew on board. The first crewed mission was originally planned to be launched on ISRO's LVM3, HLVM3 rocket in December 2021. As of November 2024, it is expected to be launched no earlier than 2026. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)-manufactured crew module underwent its first uncrewed experimental flight on 18 December 2014. design of the crew module has been completed. The Defence Research ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orel (spacecraft)
Orel () or Oryol, formerly Federation (), and PPTS (), is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially Reusable launch system, reusable Spacecraft#Crewed spacecraft, crewed spacecraft. Until 2016, the official name was () or PTK NP. The goal of the project is to develop a next-generation spacecraft to replace the Soyuz spacecraft developed by the former Soviet Union to support low Earth orbit and lunar mission, lunar operations. It is similar in function to the United States, US Orion (spacecraft), Orion or Commercial Crew Development spacecraft. The PPTS project was started following a failed attempt by Russia and the European Space Agency (ESA) to co-develop the Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS). Following ESA member states declining to finance Kliper in 2006 over concerns about workshare then again declining to finance development of CSTS in 2009 over technology transfer to Russia that could be used for military purposes, the Russian Federal Space Agenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boeing Starliner
The Boeing Starliner (or CST-100) is a spacecraft designed to transport crew to and from the International Space Station (ISS) and other low-Earth-orbit destinations. Developed by Boeing under NASA's Commercial Crew Program (CCP), it consists of a Reusable spacecraft, reusable crew Space capsule, capsule and an expendable service module. Slightly larger than the Apollo command and service module#Command module (CM), Apollo command module or SpaceX Dragon 2#Crew Dragon, SpaceX Crew Dragon, but smaller than the Orion (spacecraft), Orion capsule, the Starliner can accommodate a crew of up to seven, though NASA plans to fly no more than four. It can remain docked to the ISS for up to seven months and is launched on an Atlas V#N22, Atlas V N22 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41 in Florida. In 2014, NASA awarded Boeing a US$4.2 billion fixed-price contract to develop and operate Starliner, while SpaceX received $2.6 billion to develop and operate Crew Dragon. By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SpaceX Dragon 2
Dragon 2 is a class of partially reusable spacecraft developed, manufactured, and operated by the American space company SpaceX for flights to the International Space Station (ISS) and private spaceflight missions. The spacecraft, which consists of a reusable space capsule and an expendable Service module, trunk module, has two variants: the 4-person Crew Dragon and Cargo Dragon, a replacement for the SpaceX Dragon 1, Dragon 1 cargo capsule. The spacecraft launches atop a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket, and the capsule returns to Earth through splashdown. Crew Dragon's primary role is to transport crews to and from the ISS under NASA's Commercial Crew Program, a task handled by the Space Shuttle until it was Retirement of the Space Shuttle, retired in 2011. It will be joined by Boeing Starliner, Boeing's Starliner in this role when NASA certifies it. Crew Dragon is also used for commercial flights to ISS and other destinations and is expected to be used to transport people to and fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orion (spacecraft)
Orion (Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle or Orion MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used in NASA's Artemis program. The spacecraft consists of a Crew Module (CM) space capsule designed by Lockheed Martin that is paired with a European Service Module (ESM) manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space. Capable of supporting a crew of four beyond low Earth orbit, Orion can last up to 21 days undocked and up to six months docked. It is equipped with solar panels, an automated docking system, and glass cockpit interfaces. Orion is launched atop a Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, with a tower launch escape system. Orion was conceived in the early 2000s by Lockheed Martin as a proposal for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to be used in NASA's Constellation program and was selected by NASA in 2006. Following the cancellation of the Constellation program in 2010, Orion was extensively redesigned for use in NASA's Journey to Mars initiative; later named Moon to Mars. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparison Of Crewed Space Vehicles
A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry people to and from outer space. Table code key Orbital and interplanetary space vehicles Suborbital space vehicles Footnotes See also *Cargo spacecraft (robotic resupply spacecraft) *Comparison of orbital launch systems *Comparison of orbital rocket engines *Comparison of space station cargo vehicles *Human spaceflight Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Crewed space vehicle comparison * Technological comparisons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanyue (spacecraft)
The Lanyue ( zh, s=揽月, p=lǎn yuè, l=embracing the moon) lander, formerly known as the China crewed lunar surface lander () or simply as the lunar surface lander (), is a spacecraft under development by the China Academy of Space Technology. The purpose of the lander is to carry two astronauts to the lunar surface and to return them to lunar orbit after a set period of time. The lander's initial lunar-landing attempt is envisioned to occur by 2030. Nomenclature The official names for both the crewed lunar lander and the next-generation crewed spacecraft, the Mengzhou (), were revealed by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) on 24 February 2024. One possible English translation for ''Lanyue'' is ''Embracing the Moon'' while the English translation for ''Mengzhou'' can be ''Vessel of Dreams'' or ''Dream Vessel''. Overview Since at least August 2021, Western news media has reported that China's main spacecraft contractor was working on a human-rated landing system for lun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-ballistic Atmospheric Entry
Non-ballistic atmospheric entry is a class of atmospheric entry trajectories that follow a non-ballistic trajectory by employing aerodynamic lift in the high upper atmosphere. It includes trajectories such as skip and glide. Skip is a flight trajectory where the spacecraft goes in and out the atmosphere. Glide is a flight trajectory where the spacecraft stays in the atmosphere for a sustained flight period of time. In most examples, a skip reentry roughly doubles the range of suborbital spaceplanes and reentry vehicles over the purely ballistic trajectory. In others, a series of ''skips'' allows the range to be further extended. Non-ballistic atmospheric entry was first seriously studied as a way to extend the range of ballistic missiles, but was not used operationally in this form as conventional missiles with extended range were introduced. The underlying aerodynamic concepts have been used to produce maneuverable reentry vehicles (MARV), to increase the accuracy of some miss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's China–Russia border, border with Russia (Zabaykalsky Krai). Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, and Ordos City, Ordos. The autonomous region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar Province, Chahar, Rehe Province, Rehe, Liaobei, and Xing'an Province, Xing'an, along with the northern parts of Gansu and Ningxia. Its area makes it the List of Chinese administrative divisions by area, third largest Chinese administrative subdivision, constituting approximately and 12% of China's total land area. Due to its long span from east to west, Inn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Payload
Secondary payload, also known as rideshare payload, is a smaller-sized Payload (air and space craft), payload space transport, transported to orbital spaceflight, orbit on a launch vehicle that is mostly paid for—and with the date and time of launch and the orbital elements, orbital trajectory determined—by the entity that contracts and pays for the primary launch. As a result, the secondary payload typically obtains a substantially reduced price for transportation services to orbit, by accepting a trade off of the loss of control once the contract is signed and the payload is delivered to the launch vehicle supplier for integration to the launch vehicle. These tradeoffs typically include having little or no control over the launch date/time, the final orbital parameters, or the ability to halt the launch and remove the payload should a payload failure occur during ground processing prior to launch, as the ''primary payload'' typically purchases all of these launch property ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
