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Chinese Character Sets
A Chinese character set () is a group of Chinese characters. Since the size of a set is the number of elements in it, an introduction to Chinese character sets will also introduce the Chinese character numbers in them. There are different Chinese character sets for different purposes. The following is an introduction to some representative character sets in history, in modern languages and in information technology. Dictionaries and lexicon Along with the development of writing systems, the number of Chinese characters kept growing, as shown by the character sets of the dictionaries. The total number of characters that have been created reaches well into the hundreds of thousands if variants are considered. Modern standards Due to the dynamic development of languages, there is no definite number of modern Chinese characters. However a reasonable estimation can be made by a survey of the character sets of relevant standard lists and influential dictionaries in the countrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erya
The ''Erya'' or ''Erh-ya'' is the first surviving Chinese dictionary. The sinologist Bernhard Karlgren concluded that "the major part of its glosses must reasonably date from the 3rd century BC." Title Chinese scholars interpret the first title character ''ěr'' (; "you, your; adverbial suffix") as a phonetic loan character for the homophonous ''ěr'' (; "near; close; approach"), and believe the second ''yǎ'' (; "proper; correct; refined; elegant") refers to words or language. According to W. South Coblin: "The interpretation of the title as something like 'approaching what is correct, proper, refined' is now widely accepted". It has been translated as "The Literary Expositor" or "The Ready Rectifier" (both by Legge), "Progress Towards Correctness" (von Rosthorn), "Near Correct" (Xue), "The Semantic Approximator" ( Needham), and "Approaching Elegance" ( Mair). History The book's author is unknown. Although it is traditionally attributed to the Duke of Zhou, Confucius, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanyu Da Zidian
The ''Hanyu Da Zidian'' (), also known as the Grand Chinese Dictionary, is a reference dictionary on Chinese characters. Overview A group of more than 400 editors and lexicographers began compilation in 1974, and it was published in eight volumes from 1986 to 1989. A separate volume of essays documents the lexicographical complexities for this full-scale Chinese dictionary. Besides the weighty 5,790-page first edition, there are 3-volume (1995) and pocket editions. A second edition (pictured at right) was published in 2006, and has a list of radicals printed on the dust jacket of each volume for quicker character look up. The first edition of the ''Hanyu Da Zidian'' included 54,678 head entries for characters, and this was expanded to 60,370 in the second edition, published in 2010. They give historical logographic forms such as oracle bone script, bronzeware script, and seal script. Pronunciation is glossed for Old Chinese ('' Shijing'' rhyme group), Middle Chinese ( fanqie s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōyō Kanji
The are those kanji listed on the , officially announced by the Japanese Ministry of Education. The current List of jōyō kanji, list of 2,136 characters was issued in 2010. It is a slightly modified version of the tōyō kanji, kanji, which was the initial list of Secondary education in Japan, secondary school-level kanji standardized after World War II. The list is not a comprehensive list of all characters and readings in regular use; rather, it is intended as a literacy baseline for those who have completed compulsory education, as well as a list of permitted characters and readings for use in official government documents. Due to the requirement that official government documents make use of only kanji and their readings, several rare characters are also included due to their use in the Constitution of Japan, which was being written at the same time the original 1,850-character kanji list was compiled. The 2,136 kanji in the kanji consist of: * 1,026 kanji taught in pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōyō Kanji
The are those kanji listed on the , which was released by the Japanese on 16 November 1946, following a reform of kanji characters of Chinese origin in the Japanese language. The intention of the list was to declare which kanji could be used in official government documents. The 1,850-character list was not meant to be exhaustive, as many characters that were in common use at the time, and are today, were not included. It was meant as a baseline for satisfactory functional literacy in Japanese at a secondary education level, as all of the listed characters were to be taught nationwide in compulsory education. They were replaced in 1981 by the kanji, which initially included 1,945 characters, but was expanded to 2,136 characters in 2010 following several revisions. Reform Thousands of kanji characters were in use in various writing systems, leading to great difficulties for those learning written Japanese. Additionally, several characters had identical meanings but were w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chart Of Standard Forms Of Common National Characters
The Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters or the Table of Standard Typefaces for Frequently-Used Chinese Characters () is a list of 4,808 commonly used Chinese characters. The standard typefaces were prescribed by Taiwan's Ministry of Education, and have been adopted in the textbooks for primary and junior high schools in Taiwan since September 1982. History The project to standardize frequently used Chinese characters started in 1973. This work was undertaken by a task force consisting from the Graduate Institute of Chinese of the National Taiwan Normal University. The Chart was completed in 1978 and published in June 1979. On September 1, 1982, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters, which contained 4,808 characters. In December of the same year, it publicized the Chart of Standard Forms of Less-Than-Common National Characters (), which included 6,341 characters. In addition, 18,388 characters in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Graphemes Of Commonly-Used Chinese Characters
The ''List of Graphemes of Commonly-Used Chinese Characters'' () is a list of 4762 commonly used Chinese characters and their standardized forms prescribed by the Hong Kong Education Bureau. The list is meant to be taught in primary and middle schools in Hong Kong, but does not place restrictions on typefaces used for printing such as Ming, gothic, or rounded gothic typeface styles. History Research and compilation work on the list began in July 1984. The work was undertaken by Professor Lei Hok-ming () of the Department of Chinese of the Education Bureau Institute of Language in Education (ILE) () and other scholars within the department. A Committee for the Research of Commonly-Used Chinese Character Graphemes, composed of scholars from various academic institutions, also participated in the examination and approval process for each character. The list was completed in September 1985 and published in September 1986. The list was revised more thoroughly upon republicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Council Of The People's Republic Of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Central People's Government, is the chief administrative authority and national cabinet. It is constitutionally the highest administrative organ of the country and the executive organ of the National People's Congress, the highest organ of state power. It is composed of a premier, vice-premiers, state councilors, ministers, chairpersons of commissions, an auditor-general, the governor of the People's Bank of China, and a secretary-general. The premier of the State Council is responsible for the State Council and exercises overall leadership of its work. The secretary-general of the State Council, under the leadership of the premier, is responsible for handling the daily work of the State Council and heads the General Office of the State Council. The executive meeting of the State Council, consisting of the premier, vice-premiers, state councilors, and the secretary-general, is held two to three times a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters
The ''List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters'' is the current standard list of 8,105 Chinese characters published by the government of the People's Republic of China and promulgated in June 2013. The project began in 2001, originally named the "Table of Standard Chinese Characters". This table integrates the ''First Batch of Simplified Characters'' (1955), the ''Complete List of Simplified Characters'' (initially published in 1964, last revised in 1986), and the ''List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese'' (1988), while also refining and improving it based on the current usage of characters in mainland China. After 8 years of development, a draft for public comment was released on August 12, 2009. It was officially promulgated on June 5, 2013, becoming the standard for the use of Chinese characters in general societal applications, and all previously related character lists were discontinued from that date. Of the characters included, 3,500 are in Tier 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Commonly Used Characters In Modern Chinese
The ''List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese'' () is a list of 7,000 commonly used Chinese characters in Chinese. It was created in 1988 in the People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after .... In 2013, the '' List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters'' has replaced the ''List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese'' as the standard for Chinese characters in the People's Republic of China. References External links * Alternativlists of common Chinese characters at Learnchineseok.comFrequency listCJK-CODE 1988 documents Chinese character lists {{chinese-char-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General List Of Simplified Chinese Characters
The ''General List of Simplified Chinese Characters'' () was the standard list of simplified Chinese characters published in China in 1964. It largely ratified and revised the ''Chinese Character Simplification Scheme'' promulgated in 1956, and served as the main reference for the ''List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters'' published in 2013. The ''General List of Simplified Chinese Characters'' was released again in 1986 with some revision, alongside the rescission of the second round of simplified Chinese characters that had been announced in 1977. The General List of Simplified Chinese Characters includes three sub-lists with a total of 2274 simplified characters and 14 simplified Chinese character components, components. History Publication On 7 January 1964, the Chinese Character Reform Committee submitted a "Request for Instructions on the Simplification of Chinese Characters" to the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council, mentioning that "du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
The is a Japanese dictionary of ''kanji'' (Chinese characters) compiled by Tetsuji Morohashi. Remarkable for its comprehensiveness and size, Morohashi's dictionary contains over 50,000 character entries and 530,000 compound words. Haruo Shirane (2003:15) said: "This is the definitive dictionary of the Chinese characters and one of the great dictionaries of the world." History Tetsuji Morohashi was originally motivated to create a dictionary in 1917 when he went to China to study Chinese. Trying to look up words in the largest available Chinese dictionaries was frustrating; the '' Kangxi Dictionary'' defines characters but not phrases, the '' Peiwen Yunfu'' lists phrases without definitions, and the '' Zhonghua Da Zidian'' had just been published. Morohashi's autobiography explains (Wilkinson 2000:74) that "he had to spend between a quarter and a third of his study time trying to find the meanings of words and phrases. This tedium he felt could be avoided if there were a dicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |