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China–Libya Relations
Chinese–Libyan relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Libya. Topics encompassed by these relations include diplomatic, economic, and military relations; the presence of Chinese migrants in Libya; and Chinese investment in Libya. From 1951 through 1978, there was little bilateral cooperation between the two countries, but, in 1978, the Chinese and Libyan governments established formal diplomatic relations. This connection between the two countries was initially shaped by Cold War-era tensions and the crisis in Libya during the Arab Spring has further complicated the relationship between the two countries. Diplomatic relations The first diplomatic encounter between China and Libya occurred at the Bandung Conference in 1955. Sino-Libyan relations were minimal dating from Libya’s independence in 1953 through 1969, when Libya was a monarchy under King Idris, as the kingdom had strong relations with the U.S., UK, and Italy. Libya used these relationships with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateral Relation
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libyan Civil War (2011)
The Libyan civil war, also known as the First Libyan Civil War and Libyan Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Zawiya on 8 August 2009 and finally ignited by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security forces who fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing an interim governing body, the National Transitional Council. The United Nations Security Council passed an initial resolution on 26 February, freezing the assets of Gaddafi and his inner circle and restricting their travel, and referred the matter to the International Criminal Court for investigation. In early March, Gaddafi's forces rallied, pushed eastwards and re-took several coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Taha Siala
Mohamed Taher Siala (; born 27 May 1943) is a Libyan politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Libya in the Government of National Accord from 2016 to 2021. Foreign minister of Libya Siala was one of the eighteen ministers appointed as part of the internationally-recognized Government of National Accord, in January–February 2016, with the objective of reuniting Libya. Before that he was an official in the pre-2011 government of Libya.Hanly, Ken (9 May 2017)Op-Ed: Libyan unity government foreign minister's claim creates trouble Digital Journal. Retrieved 10 May 2017. He met with Jens Stoltenberg, the Secretary General of NATO, in June 2016 in Brussels, where they discussed the security situation in Libya and possible military assistance to the GNA. He also met with Federica Mogherini, the European Union's head of foreign affairs, and Didier Reynders, the minister of foreign affairs of Belgium. They discussed issues of security, human trafficking in Libya, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of National Accord
The Government of National Accord (GNA; ) was an interim government for Libya that was formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement, a United Nations–led initiative, signed on 17 December 2015. The agreement was unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council, which welcomed the formation of a Presidency Council for Libya and recognized the Government of National Accord as the sole legitimate executive authority in Libya. On 31 December 2015, Chairman of the Libyan House of Representatives, Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement. The General National Congress has criticized the GNA on multiple fronts as biased in favor of its rival parliament the House of Representatives. , the Government of National Accord had 17 ministers and was led by the Prime Minister. The first meeting of the cabinet of the GNA took place on 2 January 2016 in Tunis. A full cabinet consisting of 18 ministers was announced in January 2016. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, Ethnic group, ethnicity, and Religion in Libya, religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. All figures are from the United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, unless otherwise indicated. The Libyan population resides in the country of Libya, a territory located on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, to the west of and adjacent to Egypt. Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli is the capital of the country and is the city with the largest population. Benghazi is Libya's second largest city. History Historically Berbers, Berber, over the centuries, Libya has been occupied by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Ancient Rome, Romans, Arabs, and Italians. The Phoenicians had a big impact on Libya. Many of the coastal towns and cities of Libya were founded by the Phoenicians as trade outposts within the southern Mediterranean coast in order to facilitate the Phoenician business activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Ati Al-Obeidi
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (; ; 10 October 1939 – 16 September 2023) was a Libyan politician and diplomat. He held various top posts in Libya under Muammar Gaddafi; he was Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and General Secretary of General People's Congress from 1979 to 1981. He was one of three main negotiators in Libya's decision to denounce and drop their nuclear weapons program. In 2011, amidst the First Libyan Civil War between Gaddafi loyalists and anti-Gaddafi rebels, he was appointed Foreign Minister after the defection of Moussa Koussa. In fact, he had accompanied Koussa to Djerba, Tunisia before returning to Libya while Koussa defected and went to London. On 3 April 2011 (a week after Koussa's defection), Obeidi flew to Greece to present a peace proposal to his counterpart Dimitrios Droutsas. On 31 August 2011, he was detained west of Tripoli by rebel forces. In June 2013, a court found him not guilty of a charge of mismanagement. Abdul Ati al-Obeidi died of a heart a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Jibril
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally (), also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril (28 May 1952 – 5 April 2020), was a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the Libyan Civil War, chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council (NTC) from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs. , Jibril was the head of one of the largest political parties in Libya, the National Forces Alliance. Toward the end of the conflict, Jibril was increasingly referred to by foreign governments and in media as the interim prime minister of Libya. Jibril's government was recognized as the "sole legitimate representative" of Libya by the majority of UN states including France, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran, and Qatar. Career Jibril graduated in Economics and Political Science from Cairo University in 1975, then earned a master's d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Jiechi
Yang Jiechi (; born 1 May 1950) is a Chinese senior diplomat and retired politician. He served as director of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Foreign Affairs Commission from 2013 and 2022, State Councilor from 2013 to 2018, Minister of Foreign Affairs of China from 2007 to 2013. Yang previously served as Chinese Ambassador to the United States from 2000 to 2004, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2007, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 1998, and Chinese Envoy to the United States from 1993 to 1995. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1972, after previously served as a worker at the Shanghai City Pujiang Electric Meter Factory from 1968 to 1972. Yang studied international relations at Ealing College, University of Bath, and London School of Economics from 1973 to 1975. He received a Doctor of History in world history from Nanjing University in 2006 through an on-the-job graduate program. Early life and education Yang was born i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Transitional Council
The National Transitional Council (NTC) was a transitional government established in the 2011 Libyan civil war. After rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi in August 2011, the NTC governed Libya for a further ten months after the end of the war, holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012, and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August. The formation of the NTC was announced in the city of Benghazi on 27 February 2011 with the purpose to act as the "political face of the revolution". On 5 March 2011, the council issued a statement in which it declared itself to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state".The Interim Transitional National Council Decree 3. 5 March 2011. An executive board, chaired by Mahmoud Jibril, was formed by the council on 23 March 2011 after being ''de facto'' assembled as an "executive team" since 5 March 2011. The NTC issued a Constitutional D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is . The organization's strategic concepts include Deterrence theory, deterrence. NATO headquarters, NATO's main headquarter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War. The resolution formed the legal basis for military intervention in the Libyan Civil War, demanding "an immediate ceasefire" and authorizing the international community to establish a no-fly zone and to use all means necessary short of foreign occupation to protect civilians. The Security Council resolution was proposed by France, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom. Ten Security Council members voted in the affirmative (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Gabon, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, South Africa, and permanent members France, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Five (Brazil, Germany, and India, and permanent members China and Russia) abstained, with none opposed. Resolution Key points The resolution, adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter: * demands the immediate establishment of a ceasefire and a complete end to violence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab League
The Arab League (, ' ), officially the League of Arab States (, '), is a regional organization in the Arab world. The Arab League was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945, initially with seven members: Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Iraq, Emirate of Transjordan, Transjordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, First Syrian Republic, Syria, and Kingdom of Yemen, North Yemen. Currently, the League has member states of the Arab League, 22 members. The League's main goal is to "draw closer the relations between member states and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries". The organization has received a relatively low level of cooperation throughout its history. Through institutions, notably the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) and the Economic and Social Council of its Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), the League f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
